**1. Introduction**

Following the 2015 emergence of the Zika virus in Brazil, the virus rapidly spread through much of the Americas. Although historically associated with a relatively mild, self-limiting disease, the modern pandemic was linked to the severe manifestations of Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults and microcephaly in babies born to infected mothers [1]. Primarily mosquito-borne, the virus is unusual in that it can also be transmitted between humans sexually. Most cases detected in the United States were associated with travel to infected areas and some perhaps by sexual transmission; however, several cases of mosquito-borne Zika virus were reported in Puerto Rico and other American territories. In 2016, probable mosquito borne transmission involving the mosquito *Aedes aegypti* was reported in Florida [2].

The introduction of the Zika virus into North America and reports of mosquitoborne transmission in 2016 prompted public health officials in the state of Missouri to investigate potential vectors of this virus in the state. Previous mosquito surveys in the state were old and tended to cover only small geographic areas. In addition, many changes to the mosquito fauna had occurred with the introduction of invasive species thus increasing potential for disease transmission, so an extensive survey of mosquitoes associated with artificial containers was initiated in the summer of 2016, then continued in the summers of 2017 and 2018. Due to concerns about the Zika virus and the potential for local transmission, state public health officials focused the survey on mosquitoes that inhabit artificial containers during the larval and pupal stages in areas, especially those near human habitation or businesses. This focus was justified by the fact that the primary vector of the Zika virus in the Western Hemisphere is *Aedes aegypti*, a mosquito that is well known for developing in artificial containers near human habitations and one that has historically been reported in Missouri [3]. In addition, there was some concern that the invasive species and vector of the Zika virus, *Ae. albopictus*, might be widely distributed in the state. This latter species was also associated with artificial containers during immature stages.

The survey emphasized automobile salvage yards, used tire dealerships and cemeteries because these environments have historically provided large numbers of container-inhabiting mosquitoes. A complete list of the species obtained in both adult and larval surveillance and species occurrence by county for the first two years of the survey is available in Claborn et al. [4]. Two important findings from that survey were the absence of *Ae. aegypti* and the ubiquitous presence of *Ae. albopictus*. The latter of these two findings confirmed a potential for vectorborne transmission of Zika virus in the state, though no such transmission has been confirmed at the time of writing for this chapter.

Due to the original purpose of the survey, the traps were not used in an experimental design specifically suitable for comparing effectiveness between trap types, such as the Greco-Latin Square design often used to compare trap efficacy [5]. We used an analysis of variance with a protected mean separation test to analyze all data for this study. The extensive survey provides an *a posteriori* opportunity to compare results of trapping potential vectors of Zika and other species using different trap types in Missouri. The comparison allows an analysis of how trap type may affect the results of a survey. In addition, the traps were used in a variety of Missouri ecoregions as described by Nigh and Schroeder [6]. There is no current data on the difference in mosquito fauna between ecoregions in Missouri.

The choice of trap and bait types has an obvious effect on the results of a mosquito survey. Numerous studies have demonstrated differing results of trap effectiveness. To date, most trapping studies in Missouri have relied largely on the use of the venerable Centers for Disease Control Miniature Light trap and its variations [3, 7]. Development of newer traps and baiting technologies provides the opportunity to obtain more complete knowledge of the species composition and abundance in the state as well as the effect of ecoregion habitat on the abundance of mosquito species.
