**Author details**

*Nanofibers - Synthesis, Properties and Applications*

tion rate [38].

would be obtained [39].

**6. Limitations**

**7. Conclusion**

Since high RH levels may lead to beads, too high RH levels cannot be selected. Whereas if an ambient RH cannot be controlled. Then RH is considered a disturbance of the electrospinning process and the required jet diameter, responding to the desired fibre diameter, should change with an ambient RH. The system's velocity should be adjusted along with the flow rate. This is done to obtain a required jet diameter (the application of electric field in the polymer solution will cause the droplets to take a conical shape) and control the fibre's diameter. This is where production will become an issue. Such adjustments are difficult and are highly variable. Hence, relative humidity should be studied to decide what type of parameter it is (settable or disturbance) to decide the production rate. The operating regime should be selected to achieve the desired fibre diameter while maximising produc-

Along with relative humidity, temperature should also be taken into consideration. The average diameter of nanofibers produced by electrospinning changes significantly through variation of temperature and humidity. At a relatively higher temperature the solvent evaporation rate will increase and the viscosity of the precursor solution to be electrospun will decrease, and as a result thinner nanofiber

Though there are many reports on the successful presentation of electrospinning as a useful platform technique for the fabrication of nanofibers from a variety of materials, several issues are yet to be explained. Electrospinning process simulation models need to be optimised by considering all the liquid properties for electrospinning and all the processing parameters for better elucidation of the phenomenology of electrified jets. If it is successful, one should be able to analyse the behaviour of the electrified jet for the deterministic fabrication of electrospun nanofibers with

Even though there is increase in the usage of natural biopolymers in the electrospinning technique for food packaging has developed a massive growing interest in the recent years but due to lesser flexibility of these materials ultimately leads to difficulty of processing in traditional equipments, and most of them are hydrophilic materials which means that they lack necessary mechanical properties and good

As discussed above, electrospinning is one of the most efficient techniques used for the synthesis of nanomaterials [30]. It enables the incorporation of unique properties including large surface area, small size, and high activity, which are expected to develop advanced packaging systems for fulfilling consumers' needs. However, nano or micro sized components may lead to environmental pollution or even health risks due to their migration into food and drinks, whereas our knowledge regarding the potential threats from the used nanomaterials is still relatively lacking [35]. Research and experimentation by various organisations along with academic individuals have stated that the bioactive molecules that were naturally derived were better incorporated into polymeric nanofibers and also improved the membrane

and scaffolds manufacturing using such electrospun nanofibers [34].

Although ESN includes antimicrobial and loading other similar agents, the spectrum of this range is limited to some curing agents. The further investigation

well-controlled size, structure, and morphology [33].

barrier properties to moisture and oxygen [35].

**90**

Lingayya Hiremath1 \*, O. Sruti1 , B.M. Aishwarya1 , N.G. Kala1 and E. Keshamma<sup>2</sup>

1 Department of Biotechnology, R.V. College of Engineering, Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

2 Department of Biotechnology, Maharani's Science College for Women, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

\*Address all correspondence to: lingayah@rvce.edu.in

© 2021 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
