**8.1 Energy applications**

Nano fibers emerged as best replacement for electrodes from anode and cathode materials used in lithium ion batteries. Many factors like electrochemical performance, limited capacity, high cost of materials affect the usage of lithium ion batteries as large scale storage devices [48]. Introduction of nano fibers as electrode materials paved way for generation of energy in batteries and fuel cells. The advantage of nano fibers being used as electrodes came from the properties such as high porosity, large surface area. The capability of nano fibers has extended from lithium-ion batteries to three dimensional interconnected networks. Metal organic frame works derived from metal oxides were intruded

**11**

*New Perspective of Nano Fibers: Synthesis and Applications*

in carbon nano fibers through electrospinning to improve electrical conductivity

Nano fibered structures are synthesized to improve hydrogen storage.

Hard and soft tissues reconstruction is done by nano fiber scaffolds [52].

The use of nano fibers especially cellulose nano fibers from various materials like fruit peel extracts, sea alga, bacteria, fungi have been utilized in food industry.

Hydrogen is one of the future energy generation sources best carrier for renewable fuels due to its high energy content. Limitation in the availability, economical storage and generation are the challenges in the use of hydrogen as energy carrier.

Nano fibrous materials acts as best alternative scaffolds for tissue engineering as well as regenerative medicine [50]. Specific properties of nano fibers make them biologically active. Replacement of cells or tissues to exhibit proper body mechanism is the regenerative medicine. Transplantation of cells or tissues is done by various biologically active materials. Of them scaffolds developed from nano fibers are important as these are favorable layout for cellular growth, proliferation [51]. Natural or synthetic fibers are majorly used for tissue engineering as they have biocompatibility, biodegradability. As an example improved angiogenesis (development of new blood vessels) is improved through nano fibers for tissue engineering applications.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97460*

with excellent rate capability [49].

*Applications of nano fibers in various fields.*

**8.2 Medical applications**

**Figure 9.**

**8.3 Food industry**

*New Perspective of Nano Fibers: Synthesis and Applications DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97460*

*Nanofibers - Synthesis, Properties and Applications*

foil with liquid jet and spinneret is used to produce fibers. Two collectors are there to collect the obtained nano fibers [45]. When the centrifugal force overwhelms surface tension of polymer liquid material that stretches out the solution forming nanofibers in solid form. As an example a new spin nano fibers are used to produce

This technique is a novel method to develop long nano fibers by irradiation with CO2 laser at supersonic velocities. Melted fibers are gone through supersonic airflow to draw nano fibers in the range of diameters. Estimation of flow velocity is done by computer program. Through this process several natural and synthetic polymers are

Numerous applications of nano fibers are fascinating world due to their use in generating energy, many biological, medical field, in defense, food industry, water and environment. Each of these fields have specific developments from nano fibers

Nano fibers emerged as best replacement for electrodes from anode and cathode materials used in lithium ion batteries. Many factors like electrochemical performance, limited capacity, high cost of materials affect the usage of lithium ion batteries as large scale storage devices [48]. Introduction of nano fibers as electrode materials paved way for generation of energy in batteries and fuel cells. The advantage of nano fibers being used as electrodes came from the properties such as high porosity, large surface area. The capability of nano fibers has extended from lithium-ion batteries to three dimensional interconnected networks. Metal organic frame works derived from metal oxides were intruded

nano fibers that is used as a fibrous mat scaffold for bone regeneration [46].

**7.8 CO2 laser supersonic drawing synthesis**

*Schematic diagram shows centrifugal jet spinning [45].*

being used to yield nano fibers [47].

**8. Applications**

**Figure 8.**

as shown in **Figure 9**.

**8.1 Energy applications**

**10**

**Figure 9.** *Applications of nano fibers in various fields.*

in carbon nano fibers through electrospinning to improve electrical conductivity with excellent rate capability [49].

Hydrogen is one of the future energy generation sources best carrier for renewable fuels due to its high energy content. Limitation in the availability, economical storage and generation are the challenges in the use of hydrogen as energy carrier. Nano fibered structures are synthesized to improve hydrogen storage.

### **8.2 Medical applications**

Nano fibrous materials acts as best alternative scaffolds for tissue engineering as well as regenerative medicine [50]. Specific properties of nano fibers make them biologically active. Replacement of cells or tissues to exhibit proper body mechanism is the regenerative medicine. Transplantation of cells or tissues is done by various biologically active materials. Of them scaffolds developed from nano fibers are important as these are favorable layout for cellular growth, proliferation [51]. Natural or synthetic fibers are majorly used for tissue engineering as they have biocompatibility, biodegradability. As an example improved angiogenesis (development of new blood vessels) is improved through nano fibers for tissue engineering applications. Hard and soft tissues reconstruction is done by nano fiber scaffolds [52].

#### **8.3 Food industry**

The use of nano fibers especially cellulose nano fibers from various materials like fruit peel extracts, sea alga, bacteria, fungi have been utilized in food industry. The use of nano fibers in food industry starts from packing, protecting aromatic and unstable compounds in beverages, monitors storage and in detection of pesticides [53]. Also nano sensors are used for quality assessment.
