**9. Conclusions**

*Nanofibers - Synthesis, Properties and Applications*

**8.4 Water and environment**

**8.5 Electronics and defense**

Natural Polymers Electrospinning, Template

with nano fiber materials in electronics [55].

shows an increment in the life time of these mats [54].

Synthetic Polymers Electrospinning,

*Types of nano fibers advantages and applications.*

Semiconducting, metals and composite

materials

Carbon based materials

**Types of nano fibers Fabrication techniques Advantages Applications**

Many micro and nano electrical devices like ultra-light weight space craft materials, electrostatic dissipation, nano solar cells, LCD devices are manufactured

The use of nano fibers in food industry starts from packing, protecting aromatic and unstable compounds in beverages, monitors storage and in detection of

Morphology of nano fiber materials is attracting researchers due to numerous applications in environmental and water related issues in recent developments. Membranes of nano fibers developed from electrospinning technique shows greater prospective in waste water treatment and recycling. Many water treatment functionalities such as separation, adsorption, photo catalysis and antimicrobial activities can be treated effectively by nano fiber membranes Fiber mats prepared from nano fibers act as best filtration membranes that minimizes pressure drop with better efficiency than conventional mats. The contaminants in water and air were absorbed from the membranes of nano fibers with large surface to volume ratio and

pesticides [53]. Also nano sensors are used for quality assessment.

Natural Polymers are obtained from renewable sources, eco-friendly and low cost

Synthetic polymers provide optimal support to cell attachment with improved mechanical strength.

With specific physical, chemical and mechanical properties nanofibers obtained from these materials intrudes into many

devices.

These are the materials which produce three dimensional graphene structures with high surface area, porosity, flexibility.

Food industry, medical applications, water and environment, protective clothing

Wound dressing, filters, drug delivery, cytotoxicity studies

Biomedical, optoelectronic, bio imaging and sensors

Super capacitor, air purifier, batteries and

sensors

based synthesis, Electro hydrodynamic writing, CO2 laser supersonic, centrifugal jet spinning, plasma induced synthesis

Electro hydrodynamic writing, self-assembly, polymerization

Electrospinning, centrifugal jet spinning, solution blow spinning

Electrospinning, sonochemical synthesis, template based synthesis

**12**

**Table 1.**

Nano fibers are excellent materials designed from various materials like natural, synthetic polymers, metals, semiconductors and many more. These nano fibers have been developing since ages till to date with lot of improvement in their synthesis mechanisms. With a drastic improved properties nano fibers have pronounced applications in different fields. The fabrication methods include conventional methods like electrospun, template based synthesis, polymerization, self-assembly and sonochemical methods and modern methods like electro hydrodynamic writing, plasma induced synthesis, solution blow spinning, centrifugal spinning and CO2 laser supersonic technologies. New technologies to fabricate nano fibers are being developed day by day to meet the requirement of society. These nano fibers are synthesized from natural, synthetic polymers and from different materials like semiconductors, carbon based materials and many more. Applicative orientation makes these nano fibers a specific alternative to non- renewable sources. Still researchers are keenly looking into the real time applications of these nano fibers at huge.
