[18] http://bazalekow.mp.pl

[19] Khatib N, Weiner Z, Beloosesky R, Vitner D, Thaler I. The effect of maternal supine position on umbilical and cerebral blood flow indices. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2014 Apr;175:112-114.

[20] van Katwijk C, Wladimiroff JW. Effect of maternal posture on the umbilical artery flow velocity waveform. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1991;17(7):683-685.

[21] Kinsella SM, Lee A, Spencer JA. Maternal and fetal effects of the supine and pelvic tilt positions in late pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1990 Jul-Aug;36(1-2):11-17.

[22] Armstrong S, Fernando R, Columb M, Jones T. Cardiac index in term pregnant women in the sitting, lateral, and supine positions: an observational, crossover study. Anesth Analg. 2011 Aug;113(2):318-322.

[23] Marx GF, Patel S, Berman JA, Farmakides G, Schulman H. Umbilical blood flow velocity waveforms in different maternal positions and with epidural analgesia. Obstet Gynecol. 1986 Jul;68(1):61-64.

[24] Ryo E, Okai T, Kozuma S, Kobayashi K, Kikuchi A, Taketani Y. Influence of compression of the inferior vena cava in the late second trimester on uterine and umbilical artery blood flow. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 1996 Dec;55(3):213-218.

[25] Qu LR, Kan A, Masahiro N. Fetal circulation in relation to various maternal body positions. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi. 1994 Oct;29(10):589- 591, 635-6.

[26] Backe B, Brodtkorb CJ, Giltvedt J, Kvernes S, Brubakk AO, Torp H, Angelsen BA. Fetal and maternal aortic flow in two

different maternal positions. An investigation with combined Dopplervelocimetry and ultrasonic multiple array. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1983 Nov-Dec;9(6):587-593.

[27] Sorensen TK, Hendricks S, Easterling TR, Carlson KL, Benedetti TJ. Effect of orthostatic stress on umbilical Doppler waveforms in normal and hypertensive pregnancies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992 Sep;167(3):643-647.

[28] Witter FR, Besinger RE. The effect of maternal position on uterine artery flow during antepartum fetal heart rate testing. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989 Feb;160(2):379-380.

[29] Sohn C, Kesternich P, Fendel H. The effect of body position on uterine blood flow in the 3d trimester of pregnancy. Ultraschall Med. 1989 Feb;10(1):10-14.

[30] Sohn C Fendel H, Billet P, Werdin R, Kesternich P, Schonlau H. Changes in uterine circulation in relation to body position in pregnancy. Z Geburtshilfe Perinatol. 1987 Sep-Oct;191(5):169-173.

[31] Easterling TR, Schmucker BC, Benedetti TJ. The hemodynamic effects of orthostatic stress during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 1988 Oct;72(4):550-552.

[32] Cornette J, Duvekot J, Roos-Hesselink J, Hop W, Steegers E. Maternal and fetal haemodynamic effects of nifedipine in normotensive pregnant women. BJOG. 2010 Dec 24.

[33] Lima MM, Souza AS, Diniz C, Porto AM, Amorim MM, Moron AF. Doppler velocimetry of the uterine, umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arteries in pregnant women undergoing tocolysis with oral nifedipine. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2009 Sep;34(3):311-315.

[34] Grzesiak M, Ahmed RB, Wilczynski J. 48-hours administration *Haemodynamic Changes during Preterm Birth Treatment DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96923*

of nifedipine in spontaneous preterm labor - Doppler blood flow assessment of placental and fetal circulation. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2013;34(7):687-692.

[35] Guclu S, Gol M, Saygili U, Demir N, Sezer O, Baschat AA. Nifedipine therapy for preterm labor: effects on placental, fetal cerebral and atrioventricular Doppler parameters in the first 48 hours. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Apr;27(4):403-408.

[36] Guclu S, Saygili U, Dogan E, Demir N, Baschat AA. The short-term effect of nifedipine tocolysis on placental, fetal cerebral and atrioventricular Doppler waveforms. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2004 Dec;24(7):761-765.

[37] Grzesiak M, Hincz P, Forys S, Ahmed RB, Wilczynski J. 48-hours administration of fenoterol in spontaneous preterm labor - Doppler blood flow assessment of placental and fetal circulation. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2013;34(6):553-558.

[38] Grzesiak M, Forys S, Sobczak M, Ahmed RB, Wilczynski J. 48-hours administration of fenoterol in spontaneous preterm labor - does it affect fetal preload? Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2013;34(6):549-552.

[39] Faber R, Ruckhäberle KE, Robel R. Comparison of Doppler ultrasound assessment of utero-placento-fetal perfusion in normal pregnancies and in those with threatened premature labor. Zentralbl Gynakol. 1993;115(1):27-32.

[40] Gokay Z, Ozcan T, Copel JA. Changes in fetal hemodynamics with ritodrine tocolysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2001 Jul;18(1):44-46.

[41] Friedman DM, Blackstone J, Young BK, Hoskins IA. Fetal cardiac effects of oral ritodrine tocolysis. Am J Perinatol. 1994 Mar;11(2):109-112.

[42] Park YK, Hidaka A. Effect of left-lateral position on maternal hemodynamics during ritodrine treatment in comparison with supine position. Nihon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi. 1991 Jun;43(6):655-662.

[43] Grzesiak M, Ahmed RB, Wilczynski J. Doppler evaluation of blood flow in fetal inferior vena cava during 48-hours Atosiban administration in spontaneous preterm labor. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2013;34(8):787-791.

[44] Fabry I, Paepe P, Kips J, Bortel L. The influence of tocolytic drugs on cardiac function, large arteries, and resistance vessels. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Springer Verlag, 2011, 67 (6), pp.573-580.

[45] Grzesiak M, Wilczynski J. Preliminary report of 48-hours Atosiban administration in spontaneous preterm labor - Doppler blood flow assessment of placental and fetal circulation. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2013;34(7):681-686.

[46] Grzesiak M, Gaj Z, Kocyłowski R, Suliburska J, Oszukowski P, Horzelski W, von Kaisenberg C, Banach M. Oxidative Stress in Women Treated with Atosiban for Impending Preterm Birth. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018 Dec 2;2018:3919106.

[47] Parilla BV, Tamura RK, Cohen LS, Clark E. Lack of effect of antenatal indomethacin on fetal cerebral blood flow. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997 Jun;176(6):1166-1169; discussion 1169-71.

[48] Pacifici GM. Clinical pharmacology of Ibuprofen and indomethacin in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus. Curr Pediatr Rev. 2014;10(3):216-237.

[49] Keeley MM, Wade RV, Laurent SL, Hamann VD. Alterations in maternalfetal Doppler flow velocity waveforms in preterm labor patients undergoing

magnesium sulfate tocolysis. Obstet Gynecol. 1993 Feb;81(2):191-194.

[50] Pezzati M, Giani T, Gambi B, Dani C, Bertini G, Biagiotti R, Rubaltelli FF. Influence of maternal magnesium sulphate and ritodrine treatment on cerebral blood flow velocity of the preterm newborn. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2001 Sep;80(9):818-823.

[51] Piazze J, Anceschi MM, Cerekja A, Cosmi E, Meloni P, Alberini A, Pizzulo S, Argento T, Cosmi EV. The combined effect of betamethasone and ritodrine on the middle cerebral artery in low risk third trimester pregnancies. J Perinat Med. 2007;35(2):135-140.

[52] Bednarek S. Wpływ tokolityków na wartości prędkości przepływu krwi w tętnicy środkowej mózgu u płodu i w krążeniu matczyno-łożyskowym rozpr. dok. CMUMK. Bydgoszcz. 2015.

[53] Brar HS, Medearis AL, DeVore GR, Platt LD. Maternal and fetal blood flow velocity waveforms in patients with preterm labor: prediction of successful tocolysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988 Oct;159(4):947-950.

[54] Nakai Y, Imanaka M, Nishio J, Maeda T, Ozaki A, Sun TT, Ogita S. Uterine blood flow velocity waveforms during early postpartum course following caesarean section. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1997 Aug;74(2):121-124.

[55] Kulkarni SS, Teoh WH, Sia AT, Nair S. Ruptured uterine artery pseudoaneurysm: an overlooked cause of late postpartum haemorrhage. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg. 2013;64(4):159-162.

[56] Carroll SG, Papaioannou S, Nicolaides KH. Doppler studies of the placental and fetal circulation in pregnancies with preterm prelabor amniorrhexis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1995 Mar;5(3):184-188.

[57] Yücel N, Yücel O, Yekeler H. The relationship between umbilical artery Doppler findings, fetal biophysical score and placental inflammation in cases of premature rupture of membranes. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1997 Jul;76(6):532

[58] Klemm P, Tozzi R, Köhler C, Hertel H, Schneider A. Does radical trachelectomy influence uterine blood supply? Gynecol Oncol. 2005 Feb;96(2):283-286.

[59] Samutchaikij T, Pitukkijronnakorn S, Panburana P. Normal reference of cervical blood perfusion in pregnancy. J Med Assoc Thai. 2014 Apr;97(4):369-373.

[60] De Diego R, Sabrià J, Vela A, Rodríguez D, Gómez MD. Role of 3-dimensional power Doppler sonography in differentiating pregnant women with threatened preterm labor from those with an asymptomatic short cervix. J Ultrasound Med. 2014 Apr;33(4):673-679.

[61] Chanprapaph P, Wanapirak C, Tongsong T. Umbilical Artery Doppler Waveform Indices in Normal Pregnancies. Thai Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology June 2000, Vol. 12, pp. 103-107.

[62] Hendricks SK1, Sorensen TK, Wang KY, Bushnell JM, Seguin EM, Zingheim RW. Doppler umbilical artery waveform indices--normal values from fourteen to forty-two weeks. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989 Sep;161(3):761-765.

[63] Erskine RL, Ritchie JW. Umbilical artery blood flow characteristics in normal and growth-retarded fetuses. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1985 Jun;92(6):605-610.

[64] Gadelha-Costa A, Spara-Gadelha P, Filho FM, Gadelha EB. Hemodynamic changes in the fetal arteries during

*Haemodynamic Changes during Preterm Birth Treatment DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96923*

the second half of pregnancy assessed by Doppler velocimetry. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2007 Jun;132(2):148-153.

[65] Mari G, Deter RL. Middle cerebral artery flow velocity waveforms in normal and small-for-gestational-age fetuses. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 166: 1262-1270.

[66] Degani S. Evaluation of fetal cerebrovascular circulation and brain development: the role of ultrasound and Doppler. Semin Perinatol. 2009 Aug;33(4):259-269.

[67] Gadelha-Costa A, Spara-Gadelha P, Filho FM, Gadelha EB. Hemodynamic changes in the fetal arteries during the second half of pregnancy assessed by Doppler velocimetry. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2007 Jun;132(2):148-153.

[68] Gadelha Da Costa A, Mauad Filho F, Spara P, Barreto Gadelha E, Vieira Santana Netto P. Fetal hemodynamics evaluated by Doppler velocimetry in the second half of pregnancy. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2005 Aug;31(8):1023-1030.

[69] Hofstaetter C, Dubiel M, Gudmundsson S, Marsal K. Uterine artery color Doppler assisted velocimetry and perinatal outcome. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1996 Aug;75(7):612-619.

[70] Simanaviciute D, Gudmundsson S. Fetal middle cerebral to uterine artery pulsatility index ratios in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Nov;28(6):794-801
