*4.5.2.2 Annual saving in pollution*

Second indirect benefit is that pollution caused by power plants can be reduced significantly. When the amount of power consumed is reduced, the amount of toxic fumes released by power plants will be reduced. The majority of power plants burn crude oil, coal, fossil fuel etc. Hence, this causes the emission of carbon dioxide that accounts for the majority of pollution. Carbon dioxide is released into the air and causes the absorption of sun's warmth and heat in our atmosphere. When power plants burn more fuel in order to generate more energy, extra carbon waste traps cause too much heat. When carbon dioxide emission is reduced, it will cause less pollution. Eq. (2) can be used to calculate the Annual Saving in Pollution that can be gained in any project using this Intelligent Lighting System.

## *4.5.3 LED bulbs*

Nowadays, energy saving is one of the big problems, that is why energy-efficient lighting systems proceed rapidly over the past ten years [43]. Led light bulbs are the best choice to use in energy saving lighting systems and they have great advantages over the fluorescent lamps and incandescent light bulbs. In these days, led bulb technology has developed and this technology offer light bulbs which can be used for many applications. In addition to this, this type of light bulbs offers dimmable and non-dimmable options and it creates opportunity to be used in intelligent lighting systems. Led bulbs are very durable and no mercury is used in this type of bulbs. Although the initial cost of Led bulbs is higher than other types of bulbs, they are cheaper to use for overall life of the light bulb compared with fluorescent or incandescent light bulbs. For all of these reasons, it can be beneficial to use led bulbs instead of other types of bulbs in lighting systems.

## *4.5.3.1 Diffused led bulbs*

One of the bunch of LED bulbs is diffused LED bulbs. It is covered by lens which have dimple shape, and this shape support to spread light around a big area. Nowadays, because of their tremendous efficiency, people increasingly use this type of bulbs. This type of bulbs is available in standard Edison bases, and they can be used for a lot of purposes, such as, reading lamp, lighting for rooms and offices, and some other applications in which light can remain on for a long time.

### *4.5.3.2 Flame tip, Candelabra Base LEDs*

Flame Tip, Candelabra Base LED bulbs is another type of LED bulbs and it is used in many applications. The purpose of designing such type of light bulbs is to take the place of incandescent candelabra bulbs. This type of light bulbs is significantly effective because they can deliver corresponding light of 25 to 35 W and light does not spread top to bottom as far as typical lights, because of heat sink.

Applying Equation-9, the office annual energy consumption can be reduced to

**Conditions Led Bulbs CFL Incandescent** Light bulb projected Lifespan 50,000 h 10,000 h 1200 h Watts for per bulb 10 14 60 Cost for per bulb \$35.95 \$3.95 \$1.25 KWh of electricity used over 50,000 hours 300–500 700 3000 Cost of electricity (0.10per KWh) \$50 \$70 \$300 Bulbs needed for 50 k hours of use 1 5 42 Equivalent 50 k hours bulb expense \$35.95 \$19.75 \$52.50 Total cost for 50 k hours \$85.75 \$89.75 \$352.50

From **Table 13**, cost of electricity (0.10per KWh). Accordingly, from two the values, 865.59kWh and 240.462kWh, Annual Energy Saving Norm/Office for offices using Fluorescent lighting and LED lighting can be calculated to be 86.6 \$/ office and 24\$/office respectively. For example, if this technique applied on 100 Administration Building with 50 room each, so the total Annual Saving can be 433,000 \$ and 120,000\$ for Fluorescent lighting and LED lighting consequently. This example gives good impression how much reasonable saving can be obtained

To conclude this section, it can be highlighted that most places are over illuminated because background light is not considered in the design sage. In addition, light is switched on in unoccupied places which causes waste of energy. Therefore, Intellect Lighting System is very essential to overcome this problem to control indoor lighting intensity taking into account occupancy status and background light coming into the room in order to adjust level of illuminance in efficient way. As a result, it is worth to highlighted that Intelligent Lighting System uses properly selected LED bulbs not only reduces power consumption, but also reduces maintenance cost, pollution caused by power plants and increases opportunity for gas sales. Finally, typical Annual Energy Saving Norm (Energy Saving\$/Office) is calculated for both cases, offices using Fluorescent lighting and LED lighting.

865.59kWh and 240.462kWh for Fluorescent lighting and LED lighting

by applying such technique in industrial buildings.

*Economic comparison between LED, CFL and incandescent bulbs.*

*Economic Applications for LED Lights in Industrial Sectors*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95412*

**4.6 Summary and conclusion**

respectively.

**53**

**Table 13.**

#### *4.5.3.3 Led tube lights*

LED Tube Light bulbs is another type of LED light bulbs and it is used in a lot of applications. The purpose of designing this type of light bulbs is to replace typical fluorescent tube lights. They exist in 8 and 16 W. In commercial sites, fluorescent lights are frequently installed in high ceilings and using Led Tube Lights instead of fluorescent tube lights is extra saving, because the frequency of replacing bulbs is significantly decreased.

## *4.5.3.4 Advantage of led bulbs*

The life of LED bulbs is approximately 10 times more than incandescent and fluorescent light bulbs. The main reason why they are more effective is that they do not have filament and they are not destroyed under conditions in which typical incandescent and fluorescent light bulb can be damaged. This type of bulbs does not cause any heat, but common incandescent lamps heat and help to increase the room temperature. LEDs avoid this problem and contribute to reduce the air conditioning cost. In the manufacturing process of LED bulbs, no mercury is utilized and this kind of bulbs use approximately 2–17 W electricity. LED bulbs reduce electricity cost, remain cool and avoid the replacement cost, because they have long life.

#### *4.5.3.5 Cost comparison among light bulbs*

Although, initial cost of LED bulbs is higher, this cost compensates over time in electricity saving. The use of LED bulbs commercially adopted, because maintenance and replacement cost was significantly higher. Maintenance and replacement cost in LED bulbs are considerably less compared with others and the initial cost of LED bulbs is continuing to decrease.

#### *4.5.4 Saving norm calculation*

Consider standard office with dimension 3mx4m. As per **Table 12**, the design lux level is 500 lux. Using matrix distribution 2x2 with 60cmx60cm light fitting, each consists of 4 lighting tube Fluorescent (25 W) or LED (9 W), the office Traditional lighting load shall be 400 W or 144 W respectively. For 9 hours working duty, the annual consumption shall be 4730kWh and 1314kWh.

*Economic Applications for LED Lights in Industrial Sectors DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95412*


**Table 13.**

*Economic comparison between LED, CFL and incandescent bulbs.*

Applying Equation-9, the office annual energy consumption can be reduced to 865.59kWh and 240.462kWh for Fluorescent lighting and LED lighting respectively.

From **Table 13**, cost of electricity (0.10per KWh). Accordingly, from two the values, 865.59kWh and 240.462kWh, Annual Energy Saving Norm/Office for offices using Fluorescent lighting and LED lighting can be calculated to be 86.6 \$/ office and 24\$/office respectively. For example, if this technique applied on 100 Administration Building with 50 room each, so the total Annual Saving can be 433,000 \$ and 120,000\$ for Fluorescent lighting and LED lighting consequently. This example gives good impression how much reasonable saving can be obtained by applying such technique in industrial buildings.

## **4.6 Summary and conclusion**

To conclude this section, it can be highlighted that most places are over illuminated because background light is not considered in the design sage. In addition, light is switched on in unoccupied places which causes waste of energy. Therefore, Intellect Lighting System is very essential to overcome this problem to control indoor lighting intensity taking into account occupancy status and background light coming into the room in order to adjust level of illuminance in efficient way. As a result, it is worth to highlighted that Intelligent Lighting System uses properly selected LED bulbs not only reduces power consumption, but also reduces maintenance cost, pollution caused by power plants and increases opportunity for gas sales. Finally, typical Annual Energy Saving Norm (Energy Saving\$/Office) is calculated for both cases, offices using Fluorescent lighting and LED lighting.

*Light-Emitting Diodes and Photodetectors - Advances and Future Directions*

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*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95412*

*Economic Applications for LED Lights in Industrial Sectors*

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