**2. Economic benefits of replacing different types and rating of outdoor HID lights by LED**

#### **2.1 Survey and problem definition**

High-intensity discharge lamps (HID lamps) are a type of electrical gasdischarge lamp which produces light by means of an electric arc between tungsten electrodes housed inside a translucent or transparent fused quartz or fused alumina arc tube. This tube is filled with noble gas and often also contains suitable metal or metal salts. The noble gas enables the arc's initial strike. Once the arc is started, it heats and evaporates the metallic admixture. Its presence in the arc plasma greatly increases the intensity of visible light produced by the arc for a given power input, as the metals have many emission spectral lines in the visible part of the spectrum.

Many lighting application use HID bulbs for the main lighting systems, although some applications are now moving from HID bulbs to LED because of the LED advantages [2].

By about 2010 LED technology came to dominate the outdoor lighting industry; earlier LEDs were not bright enough for outdoor lighting. A study completed in 2014 concluded that color temperature and accuracy of LED lights was easily recognized by consumers, with preference towards LEDs at natural color temperatures [3]. LEDs are now able to match the brightness and warmer color temperature that consumers desire from their outdoor lighting system.

By comparing the power characteristics and lighting characteristics for LED verse traditional lighting, it can be concluded that using LED lighting to replace the traditional lighting devices are possible and recommended. However, still protection circuits such as current, voltage and temperature are still needed to be revised to increase the reliability. In order to make such mission become truth, the first important thing should be done is to lower the unit cost and secondary to have a proper and reliable power circuit with less loading and less electrical faults probabilities. Also suitable optics is needed to control the light pattern from the LEDs including focus, diffusion, reflection, and light amplification [4, 5].

For indoor Lighting, seven criteria are proposed to assess the technical and economic characteristics of LED luminaires and ensure their compliance with European Norms regarding office lighting. The proposed decision support system can be applied to any type of luminaire and can be used by professionals who want to evaluate different luminaire suppliers and determine the optimal luminaire tender for the lighting of any indoor space [6].

Other researches concentrated in Road lighting to compares mainly the life cycle costs (LCCs) of two typical alternatives in current road lighting: the HPS and LED luminaires. These studies have considered only the road lighting design criteria, but the esthetics and visual attractiveness are excluded from the comparison. The comparison and the results have considered only the direct energy operating cost [7]. Also an Economic cost analysis comparison between LED and HPS flood lights for an outdoor design, but using solar PV as a power supply, has been carried as a part of renewable energy design [8].

Feasibility study of LED lamp in replacing the conventional fluorescent lamp was conducted. Analysis and comparison have been carried out on the two lighting

### *Economic Applications for LED Lights in Industrial Sectors DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95412*

systems in terms of electrical and photometrical performance. The study did not cover any HID outdoor lighting [9].

Comprehensive techno-economic analyses that considered the Company and National economic benefits that can be achieved from the high service life of the LED light fittings (up to 100,000 Hours) and its low power consumption compared with HPS was carried out. However, this analysis is limited only for 400 W HPS lighting case.

For the above survey, it can be found that several efforts carried out economic analysis of replacement different light fittings with LED. But, none of these works has considered the economics for replacement the HID lamps by LED lamps in industrial plants. Moreover, none of these researches have presented any type of economic index to support such type of lighting projects, except [10], which limited the research the replacement of only HPS type used in access road of a gas production company.

Based on the above survey, the first goal of this chapter is to discuss the economic benefits of replacing outdoor different type of HID lights with different rating installed in an oil and gas plant, as typical "Case-Study" for industrial plant, with suitable equivalent number of LED lighting fittings, to provide even better lighting effect level, without changing the lighting poles. The second goal is to determine the global saving norm based on two main aspects. "Company Benefits", in which the Company can gain it directly, and "National Benefits" that can be achieved by creating better gas sales opportunity for the county and by the reduction of the CO2 emission and hence the pollution.
