*Light-Emitting Diodes and Photodetectors - Advances and Future Directions*

lighting automation system for the low traffic roads. The Study considers also Direct Benefit and Indirect Benefits [10] in order to evaluate the entire economic

vehicles per hour. Considering worst road operation scenario, at which the 17 vehicles are driven with constant speed of 60 km/hour and equal distances from each other, it is obvious to conclude that one vehicle shall enter the first zone each 212 seconds and leaving the zone (400 meter) after approximately 24 seconds. Accordingly, the zone lighting fixtures shall be switched on for 29 seconds and switched of for 183 second approximately. From that, the percentage saving in power consumption using the proposed controller compared with the power consumption when road is illuminated continuously during the night is approximately

Assuming for low traffic; the vehicle flow is 400 vehicles per day [14], vehicle speed is 60 km/hour, zone distance is 400 meter, lighting pole span is 40 meter, LED fixture consumption per pole is 75 Watts [30] and electricity tariffs is typically

From the above assumptions, flow rate of the vehicle can be calculated to be 17

Considering 4 km low traffic road operating for typically 50 years, Direct bene-

Considering the cost of; camera (approximate number), day/night sensor, motion sensor, controller (simplest version) [31], signal transmission between zones by RS-485 network [32], and installation [10] (lamp, manpower, crane, dumping etc. … ), **Table 6** can be obtained. The table illustrates that approximately \$26,662.88 is needed to provide the proposed automation lighting system for 4 km.

**Table 7** illustrates the comparison of energy consumption between using the proposed automation lighting system versus conventional system which operates all night, considering that both systems utilize LED fixtures with 75-Watt as minimum consumption for the conventional system. The table shows reduction in the power consumption of 86.31%. This reduces drastically the electrical fault probability in

**S. No Definition (in 4 km) With controller Without Controller**

10 0

\$107.40 \$0

1 Total Quantity of LED 100 100

 Total cost for item 3 \$1074.00 \$0 Signal transmission between zones \$14,698.88 \$0 Total Cost of Installation \$ 10,890.00 \$0 **a Initial Investment \$26,662.88 \$0**

value of the system.

(0.053\$) per kWh [29].

183 � 100/212 = 86% saving.

*3.4.1.1 Initial cost of the new control system*

the lighting electrical circuits [33, 34].

2 Quantity of Day/Night sensor,

3 Unit price for Day/Night sensor,

Motion sensor, Camera & Controller

Motion sensor, Camera & Controller including maintenance

*3.4.1 Direct benefit*

*3.4.1.2 Energy saving*

**Table 6.** *Initial investment.*

**39**

fits and Indirect benefits can be calculated as following:

*Economic Applications for LED Lights in Industrial Sectors*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95412*
