**3.5 Summary and conclusion**

This Section provided automation design for the illumination system for low traffic roads in order to solve the problem of operating the road not only economically but also safely. Image recognition techniques was used based on identification


**Table 11.** *Net saving analysis in 50 years.* of vehicle number-plate to recognize the objects, is it vehicles or not? Image recognition algorithm was tested on different objects. The result from test has proved the validity of the algorithm that is used to detect different types of vehicle. Comprehensive techno-economic analysis was carried out and the result showed a great saving can be achieved, and hence, "Saving Norm" of \$1171.19/km/Year was calculated for the proposed system too. This "Saving Norm" is a good index to supports project management for both project decision makers and for cash-flow controllers. The calculated value of this "Saving Norm" index encourages the implementation of this technique in any Low-Traffic Long-Roads. This index is expected to be much higher, and hence more cost saving, in case road lighting uses HID bulbs instead of LED bulbs.

extends the life span of light bulbs. In addition to this, indirect advantages of proposed solution are that it allows the country to export more oil and gas, since the consumption of fuel that is needed to generate electricity will be reduced due to the energy savings caused by intelligent lighting system. Also, a reduction in pollution can be considered as positive advantage as well, because when less energy is consumed, the amount of carbon dioxide emission released by power generation plants

*Economic Applications for LED Lights in Industrial Sectors*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95412*

It is important to highlight that during the engineering phases of indoor lighting system, because of uncertainty of the amount of daylight and any other background light which penetrates the room, engineers ignore this factor in the design which consequently introduce several drawbacks in the operation and maintenance cost of lighting system. Typical level of illuminance for indoor lighting is given in **Table 12** [35]. It is clear from the minimum level of illuminance indicted in **Table 12** for each application that the design engineer has to consider the given value as Minimum. This make the designer not only ignore any background lighting contribution, but also it considers "Minimum" illumination level that allows the designer to go to higher values to satisfy other design criteria such as symmetrical distribution of lighting inside the room. Also, this "Minimum" value of the illuminance level considered the worst calculation safety-factors that may not be applicable in all cases. Therefore, in general, most of the time in day extra unnecessarily lux level can be obtained inside the room, and hence additional money for operation and

For better control of the indoor lighting and reduce the operation and maintenance cost of the lighting system, there are many methods to implement intelligent lighting system in order to provide more efficient lighting [40]. First method is to use occupancy sensor in offices, homes etc. In this method, sensor is used to detect occupancy in order to control lights. If there is somebody in the room, lights switch on, otherwise lights switch off automatically. This is a good straight forward and easy method reduce energy consumption but it is not the optimum solution as the method still ignoring the contribution of background lighting, therefore it cannot be

Second method is to utilize daylight to adjust brightness to a preset level. Energy savings are controlled by using dimming technique in which percentage of illumination of light bulbs change according to daylight coming into the room. Researches show that dimming technique reduces energy consumption up to 30% compared to non-dimmable light bulbs [41]. Daylight utilization can be accomplished by using light sensors which is used in order to detect level of illuminance inside the room and adjust brightness of the light bulbs on the basis of amount of daylight measured in the room and desired set-point. The energy saving can increase depending on the

considered as high efficient way to control the indoor lighting intensity.

performance of light sensors used. It is reported by Electric Power Research

**Facility type Area or task type Emin(lux)** general Entrance halls or corridors 100 offices Typing,Writing, Reading 500 offices Technical drawing/Working on computer 500–750 offices Conference rooms/Archives 200–500 restaurant Kitchen/Dining room 300–500 schools Classrooms/Library and Laboratories 300–500 hospital Waiting rooms/Operating theater 200–1000

is reduced.

**Table 12.**

**43**

*Design average level of illuminance for various places.*

maintenance need to be spent.
