*1.1.2 Higher efficiency and low light pollution due to directional light*

LED lights with a lower lumen output can replace conventional lamps with a higher output. For example, a 30 W LED street light can often replace an 80 W High Pressure Sodium lamp. The reason for this is directionality. LED street lamps are very directional and the light output is much more than other street lamps. Also there is little or no hot spot under the LED lamp. The light emitted from the LED lamp is directed downwards, spread throughout the entire area it covers. This means that a lower amount of light is needed to properly illuminate the area. This also dramatically reduces glare and light pollution which affects the mood of human beings, navigation in birds and insects, mating behavior in animals and flowering in plants.

as refrigerator lights, cold room lights, offices, industrial plants and better for applications requiring frequent switching on and off lights. These bulbs are shocks and vibrations resistant making them the best choice for places like offshore plat-

The light is easily controllable with intelligent systems. The light can be turned on and off instantly and can be dimmed for added energy savings at dawn, dusk, and also during hours of low traffic. Switching on–off and dimming does not affect

The carbon footprint of LED street lights is smaller than other lights due to lower energy usage. Moreover, LEDs last 4 to 8 times longer than any other bulbs, further reducing the carbon footprint of manufacture over the life time. From another angle, wide range application of LED in a country my give better chance to sale

Because of the directional light, light is carefully distributed exactly where it is meant to go and therefore there is no or little light which is wasted by illuminating the night sky or very low background light contribution. This is a considerable plus

It is worth to mention here that for example LED street lamps with color temperature 3.500–4.200 K are rendering more natural light than the yellow of sodium lamps or green of fluorescent streetlights. Also no UV or IR radiation is emitted from the LED street lamps. Color rendering index (CRI) is high (80–90) and displays natural colors of illuminated objects. This reflect actual color of the

LED luminaires contain no harmful substances, like mercury, lead or other hazardous chemical and gasses. Spent LED lamps can be thrown away without any special handling or disposal requirement, since they are recyclable and environmentally friendly. Other lighting bulbs often have hazardous materials such as lead and mercury which require special handling and waste management procedures

European Commission issued the Regulations EC No. 245/2009 for tertiary lighting products on 18 March 2009. On the basis of these Regulations, about 1 billion lighting products have to be replaced by LED type by the year 2015 only in the area of the EU, which translates to 100 million street lamps for street lighting

forms, oil refineries, steel factors, skids and similar applications.

*Economic Applications for LED Lights in Industrial Sectors*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95412*

the life-time of the luminaire as in the case of fluorescent lights.

there international quota in CO2 emission to other countries.

especially if the local community has a Dark-sky Initiative.

*1.1.9 Free of harmful substances and lower environmental impact*

and industry. The remaining 900 million refer to neon lamps.

which have both economic and environmental costs.

**1.2 International and National Directives**

*1.1.8 Natural light specter: Color rendering index*

*1.1.5 Easily controllable*

*1.1.6 Reducing carbon footprint*

*1.1.7 Dark-sky friendly*

objects.

**23**

#### *1.1.3 Long life: up to 100.000 hours*

LED lights last much longer than conventional lamps (4 to 8 times longer). This result in less expense in replacing the lights themselves but also the labor to replace the lamp is needed less often. This provides a great cost savings by itself.

Also the loss of brightness or lumen depreciation is slower over the life of an LED lamp than that of sodium or other lamp. So not only does the LED have a longer life span than the conventional lamp, but it stays brighter longer than other lamps. The long life span reduces maintenance expenses and makes these bulbs particularly suitable for difficult to reach locations and for streetlights where maintenance costs can be significant.

Lifetime and Lumen maintenance compression between LED and HID lights is illustrated in **Figure** 1. The comparison shows that relamping of HID fixture is required to be done 5 times to achieved one base life time of LED, considering the relamping is required when the Lumen reduces to 70% of initial lamp Lumen [1].

#### *1.1.4 Great operating characteristics*

LED operates at efficiently at low and high temperatures, and unaffected by on/ off cycling. This makes them safer and efficient in special indoor applications such

**Figure 1.** *Lifetime and lumen maintenance compression between LED and HID.*

### *Economic Applications for LED Lights in Industrial Sectors DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95412*

as refrigerator lights, cold room lights, offices, industrial plants and better for applications requiring frequent switching on and off lights. These bulbs are shocks and vibrations resistant making them the best choice for places like offshore platforms, oil refineries, steel factors, skids and similar applications.
