Meet the editors

Dr. Wang is an associate professor emeritus of Mechanical Engineering at Stony Brook University. His research activities focus on thermodynamics, beneficial building electrification, and Gaia 2.0. His latest work are the 2019 book entitled *A Treatise of Heat and Energy* and the 2021 paper *Progress in Entropy Principle* (*Progress in Entropy Principle, as Disclosed by Nine Schools of Thermodynamics, and Its Ecological Implication* | IIETA). He also has

several patents including intercooled gas turbine, turbocharged internal combustion engine, and low-grade heat management in buildings.

Professor Cao is a chair professor at Anhui University, China. He is a fellow of IET and a senior member of IEEE. He received a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award in 2016, the Dragon's Den Competition Award from Queen's University Belfast in 2014, and the Innovator of the Year Award from Newcastle University, UK, in 2013. He has served as an editor for IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Indus-

try Application, IET Power Electronics, and several other international journals. He has published over 260 research articles and 12 edited books and book chapters. His research interests include fault analysis and condition monitoring of electrical machines and power electronics.

Dr. Hu is a postdoctoral researcher in the School of Control Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology. Her research interests include new and renewable power system dispatch optimization, battery energy storage, and big data analysis. Her latest work is the paper *Adaptive Time Division Power Dispatch Based on Numerical Characteristics of Net Loads* published in the *Journal of Energy*. She also has patents including

power dispatch optimization, netload time-series analysis, and retired EV batteries.

Contents

**Section 1**

Energies

**Section 2**

*by Adrian F. Tuck*

*by Bimal Kumar Sarkar*

*by Lin-Shu Wang and Peng Shi*

Generation in Malaysia

*and Bazlul Mobin Siddiquea*

Emitter Based Electricity Generation

Entropy Based Biological Sequence Study

**Preface XI**

General Considerations **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 21**

**Chapter 3 45**

**Chapter 4 61**

Physics and Biology of Renewable Energy **75**

**Chapter 5 77**

**Chapter 6 93**

Systems-Thinking Framework for Renewables-Powered World

*Kamyar Mehranzamir, San Chuin Liew, Chin-Leong Wooi* 

*by Andriele De Pra Carvalho and Sieglinde Kindl da Cunha*

*by Canberk Unal, Emin Acikkalp and David Borge-Diez*

A Comprehensive Review on Available/Existing Renewable Energy Systems in Malaysia and Comparison of Their Capability of Electricity

Itaipu Technology Park: An Eco-Innovative Niche for Renewable

Dynamic Extended Exergy Analysis of Photon Enhanced Thermionic

Scale Invariant Turbulence and Gibbs Free Energy in the Atmosphere

*by Hadi Nabipour Afrouzi, Yuhani Pamodha Wimalaratna, Jubaer Ahmed,* 
