**3.4 Comparing hydropower in Malaysia to the World**

Malaysia's annual hydropower energy production is rated at 4.5 Mtoe/year (Megaton of energy per year) [16] with an installed hydropower capacity of 6094 MW and a hydropower usage percentage of 11%. The largest dam or hydropower facility in Malaysia is the Bakun Dam at 2400 MW of installed generating capacity.

From the information gathered here, the leading hydropower nations were China, Brazil, and Canada, with 96.9 Mtoe/year, 32.9 Mtoe/year and 32.3 Mtoe/year (megaton of energy per year) respectively, whereas overall energy input from hydropower in Malaysia is totalled to be 4.5 Mtoe/year (kiloton of energy per year). In comparison to the 3 countries stated previously, Malaysia's hydropower energy input is extremely tiny in comparison (**Table 4**). When it comes to the respective strongest dams in terms of output, China's Three Gorges Dam is the highest at 22.5GW of installed generating capacity, followed by the joint Brazil/Paraguay Itaipu Dam at 14GW and lastly Canada's Robert-Bourassa Dam at 5616 MW. Malaysia's largest one, Bakun at 2400 MW, is respectable and considered the largest in South-East Asia [13, 17], but the output is nothing compared to these giants. It is generally more than enough for providing electricity to Sarawak itself and can support the local heavy industries found in the state. When it comes to percentages of hydropower usage for electricity in a country, Brazil has the largest at 64%, followed by Canada at 62%, China at 20%, and lastly Malaysia at 11%. Malaysia's percentage of hydropower usage is lower compared to these other countries as Malaysia still relies heavily on coal for most of their power stations [15], which should be changed as soon as possible as it's a non-RES and could dry up in the future. In terms of installed hydropower capacity, China is the largest at 341,190 MW, followed by Brazil at 100,273 MW, Canada at 79,323 MW and lastly Malaysia at 6094 MW. Considering how small Malaysia is compared to all the three countries above, it's understandable that the installed hydropower capacity is far lower than them as Malaysia has much less space and water bodies to work with in comparison, while not to mention Malaysia's economy not being as strong as them (**Figure 3**).
