**5. Recycling**

Recycling is the process of collecting and processing used materials that would otherwise be thrown away as trash. Recycling conserves raw materials and saves the additional energy that manufacturers would use producing new products from scratch. The continuous growth in development of cellular wireless communication systems over the last thirty years has resulted that most of the world population owning laptops, computers, smartphones, smart watches, I-pads, and other devices. As a result, the number of unwanted electronic devices is huge. With this huge number of devices being produced and discarded, a new environmental disaster strikes our planet. Electronic waste or discarded old electronics are filling up landfills and trash storage areas. These electronics waste contain hazardous materials and toxic materials that endanger the environment and the health of local communities. This electronics waste increase air and water pollution. Green electronics and computing technologies are used to decrease environmental pollution. Recycling of computers waste, electronic devices waste, old batteries, plastic waste, and bottles decrease environmental pollution. Recycling saves original raw materials. Recycling reduce waste and reduce pollution. Computers recycling waste is shown in **Figure 5**.

#### **Benefits of Recycling**


*Introductory Chapter: Green Computing Technologies and Industry in 2021 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96847*

**Figure 5.** *Computers waste recycling cite.*


### **6. Innovations and challenges in green computing technologies**

In the last fifty years, the world has suffered from significantly rapid changes in the planet weather, water pollution, and air pollution. The private cars industry, electronic industry, high tech computing industry, and the communication industry in the last century depleted and ruined the world natural resources. The universe suffers from severe droughts, seawater acidification, rising seawater levels, increased depletion of groundwater reserves, air pollution, rivers pollution, and global rise of earth temperature. The rapid spread of diseases, viruses, and the extinction of animal species are the result of environmental changes. Most of these changes are irreversible. Computers waste, electronic waste, plastics, and food garbage contain dangerous chemicals that pollute air, soil, rivers water, sea water, and groundwater. These toxic materials cannot be removed from fishes, vegetables, fruits, and other food products. These toxic chemicals can be found in fruits, vegetables and other food crops, fishes, meat, and corps grown on polluted soil. Toxic waste, polluted water, polluted air, and climate changes affect severely first children health and grownup health. The universe oceans, rivers, seas, and lakes suffer from plastic and chemical waste. Chemical toxics and plastic waste kill the ocean and sea habitats in our planet. Hazard materials, chemical toxics, and plastic waste kill fishes, birds, and other creatures. We should encourage countries, governments, communities, and citizens to act rapidly to save the universe. We should encourage companies to use green materials, green energy, and green components in production of

#### *Green Computing Technologies and Computing Industry in 2021*

communication, electronic devices, and computers. We should encourage global activities to re-use and recycle computers and electronic waste. In green computing and green electronic industries, the use of hazardous materials such as cooper, lead, plastic materials, and other toxic materials should be limited to decrease pollution.

Computers, communication devices, and electronics manufacturers should be encouraged to develop electronic devices that are green and environmentally friendly. Computing and electronics manufacturers should use green materials, renewable energy, efficient green devices, and energy harvesting systems.
