**2. Green computing and electronics technologies**

Green electronics and computing are in continuous growth in the last twenty years. The communication, wireless communication, electronics, and computing industries are facing increasing pressure from governments and legislation to remove toxic and hazardous material from their devices. There is a continual worldwide environmental movement to use green materials, green energy, and green components in production of communication, electronic devices, and computers. There are global series of activities that outline targets for electronic devices re-use and recycling. In green computing and green electronic industries, the use of hazardous materials such as cooper, lead, plastic materials, and other toxic materials is not permitted or limited to decrease pollution and to improve recycling process.

Computers, communication devices, and electronics manufacturers are encouraged and challenged to develop electronic devices that are green and environmentally friendly. Green communication and electronics manufacturing focuses on using green materials, renewable energy, using efficient green devices, using energy harvesting units, reduction number of parts in modules and systems, recycling green materials, recycling energy, and recycling mechanical and electronic components. The book will describe and present development and production of green efficient devices that use green energy in computing and electronic industry. In this regard, energy harvesting technologies that can be employed to produce, recycle, and store green energy are presented in this book. On the other hand, it will present green computing systems and devices that are important factors in developing greener computing and electronic industry. Computers, cell phones and other electronic devices contain toxic hazardous materials that endanger the environment and, consequently, threaten the human health. Recycling of computer and electronic waste minimize the amount of toxic hazardous materials in the environment. Computers developers and manufacturers should handle and take care of electronic waste seriously with first majority. Computers, smart phones, and electronics manufacturers are challenged to reduce the amount, of computers and electronic waste and the number of parts in the system, by designing products that minimize the amount, of parts in the system and of harmful substances and to use parts and components that can be recycled. Computers developers and manufacturers are encouraged to develop products with a longer lifecycle. This book intends to provide the reader with a comprehensive presentation of green computing, green environmental technologies as a global universal standard for projects managers, developers, system engineers and manufacturers.

**Main Activities in Green Electronics and Computing**

