**1. Introduction to green computing technologies**

Almost every person has more than one computing device. So, there are in our world milliards of computing devices that consume a huge amount, of megawatts. It is crucial to design energy-efficient computers, servers and Tablets. Computer engineers should design and manufacture green computers, servers, Tablets, and other computing devices. The computer industry design and manufacture every year new computing devices. Appropriately disposing, recycling of unwanted computing devices and electronic equipment is a crucial task in creating a green environment.

Green computing is the environmentally responsible use of computers and their resources. Green computing may be considered as the research and study of developing, designing, engineering, producing, using, and disposing of computing modules and devices to reduces environmental hazards and pollution. Computer designers, developers, manufacturing companies and vendors are investing in developing green computing modules and devices by reducing the use of hazard materials and improving the recycling process of computing and digital modules. Green computing is also known as green information technology (green IT).

In 1992 the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) launched the Energy Star program that boosted Green computing practices.

Green computing practices include the development of environmentally green production practices, efficient energy consumption computers, usage of energy harvesting technologies, and enhancing disposal and recycling procedures.

Green computing main topics and initiatives:


The book presents new subjects and innovation in green computing technologies and in green computing and electronics industries. The main topics presented in the book are listed.


It is obvious in 2021 to most of the world population that Green Computing Technologies are crucial in protecting our universe from environmental hazards and pollution. In the last century, the world has suffered from rapid changes in climate, water pollution, and air pollution. The universe suffers from severe droughts, seawater acidification, rising seawater levels, increased depletion of groundwater reserves, air pollution, rivers pollution, and global rise of earth temperature. The rapid spread of diseases, viruses, macro-parasites, and the extinction of animal species are the direct result of environmental changes. Most of these changes are irreversible. Countries, governments, communities, and citizens should act rapidly to save the planet. In the last decade we notice that kids and young people lead around the world initiatives to decrease air pollution, water pollution and climate changes.

The private cars industry, electronic industry, high tech computing industry, and the communication industry in the last century depleted and ruined the world natural resources. Computers waste, electronic waste, plastics, and food garbage contain dangerous chemicals that pollute air, soil, rivers water, sea water, and groundwater. These toxic materials cannot be removed from fishes, vegetables, fruits, and other food products. These toxic chemicals can be found in fruits, vegetables and other food crops, fishes, meat, and corps grown on polluted soil. Toxic waste, polluted water, polluted air, and climate changes affect severely first children health and grownup health. The universe oceans, rivers, seas, and lakes suffer from plastic and chemical waste. Chemical toxics and plastic waste kill the ocean and sea habitats in our planet. Hazard materials, chemical toxics, and plastic waste kill fishes, birds, and other creatures. Plastic waste poses choking and strangulation hazards. Plastic particles are making their way into the bottom of the food chain. Fishes and other species swallow plastic waste and become contaminated. These creatures are subsequently harvested for human consumption. The contaminated fishes and creatures, hazard toxics, are served in our plate and reach our stomach.

Green computing, green electronics, green energy, recycling, and waste management and are the important crucial topics and challenges in green technologies, green industry, green research and in green innovation. The book is divided to three sections. Section one presents innovations in green computing and electronic systems. Section two presents green devices and technologies. Innovation in green computing technologies and computing industry are presented in section 3.
