Preface

The book is divided into the following four sections:


The continuous growth and development of cellular wireless communication systems over the last thirty years has resulted in most of the world's population owning smartphones, smartwatches, iPads, and other devices. Almost every person has more than one computing device, thus there are billions of devices consuming megawatts of power. Therefore it is crucial to design energy-efficient, or "green," technologies and devices. Moreover, due to the rapid advance of technology, many people upgrade their devices frequently, which leads to a great number of discarded and unwanted electronics. Computers and electronic waste are filling up landfills at an alarming rate. These electric devices contain hazardous and toxic materials that pollute the environment and endanger the health of local communities. Green computing and electronic technologies are employed to combat this environmental pollution. Recycling electronic waste, old batteries, plastics, and so on help to decrease the environmental pollution. Renewable energy is also a major factor in decreasing the environmental pollution. In the last century, the world has suffered from rapid and negative environmental changes, including severe droughts, seawater acidification, rising seawater levels, increased depletion of groundwater reserves, and the global rise of earth temperature. The rapid spread of diseases, viruses, macro-parasites, and the extinction of animal species are the direct result of environmental changes. Most of these changes are irreversible. It is obvious in 2021 to most of the world that green computing technologies are crucial in protecting our universe from environmental hazards and pollution. Countries, governments, communities, and citizens should act rapidly to save the planet.

Green computing is the environmentally responsible use of computers and their resources. Green computing may be considered as the research and study of developing, designing, engineering, producing, using, and disposing of computing modules and devices to reduce environmental hazards and pollution. Computer designers, developers, manufacturing companies, and vendors are investing in developing green computing modules and devices by reducing the use of hazardous materials and improving the recycling process of computing and digital modules. Green computing is also known as green information technology (green IT).

Green computing main topics and initiatives include:

• Energy consumption: Minimizing the electricity consumption of computers and their peripheral devices and using them in an eco-friendly manner.


This book examines innovation in green computing technologies and industry. Each chapter covers significant information to enable engineers, students, and scientists from all areas to follow and understand the topics presented in the book. The book presents new subjects and innovations in green computing technologies and in green computing and electronics industries. The main topics presented in the book include:


I want to thank all the chapter authors for their excellent contributions.

**Albert Sabban** Kinneret Academic College, Galilee, Israel

> Ort Braude College, Karmiel, Israel

Section 1 Introduction
