*A Theoretical Concept to Increase the Trustworthiness of Online and Offline… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98442*

context-aware MT conditioned on the debate's topic. HELIOSPHERE provides additional context information regarding the subject and the speakers that can help the translation system generate better translations. In this way, we will ensure a coherent translation and reduce biases. The MT component has a distributed architecture. It operates in real-time and adapts to traffic through a series of scaling up/down policies that maintain the required number of resources for optimal performance. It is accessed via a set of API calls that allow human users and other components of the HELIOSPHERE ecosystem to interact with the MT component efficiently. This reduces the efforts for connecting the MT component has to the other components of the HELIOSPHERE ecosystem. We envisage a request handling fleet that will listen and store MT requests in a queue; another system will consume requests from the queue and invoke the requested action; once the action is completed, a response will be sent directly endpoint provided with the initial request.

Other components interact with the MT Pipeline via internal API calls. The viseme and timecode post-processing, as any post-processing, are invoked if necessary and is assumed to be a part of the MT action.

Natural Language Processing Component extracts features, including tokenization, word segmentation, Part of Speech (POS) tagging, parsing techniques, named entity recognition, n-gram language model, emotional and sentiment analysis, text/ debate summarisation, structural relations modelled using semantic compositionality, K-means clustering, Affinity Propagation, Latent Dirichlet Analysis, Events analysis. Established toolkits such as nltk6 , gensim7 , SpaCy8 , pattern9 , and others will be used.

Additional NLP endpoints are specifically targeted towards the real-time analysis of live discussion streams applicable in the HELIOSPHERE platform. These include:


The HELIOSPHERE Visualisation Engine's primary purpose is to provide visualisation and interactivity capabilities to moderators, participators, and audiences.

<sup>6</sup> https://www.nltk.org/

<sup>7</sup> https://radimrehurek.com/gensim/

<sup>8</sup> https://spacy.io/

<sup>9</sup> https://www.clips.uantwerpen.be/pattern

The goal is to ensure transparency and fairness during a debate. Through a customizable visualisation, the analysis generated from the data, implemented through the Machine Learning Engine, is available to the public in real-time. This allows participants to see in real-time the textual representation of their deliberations, how much time each participant spent talking, what are the word frequency (word clouds, n-grams and word co-occurrence) of the conversation, topic detection, point summarisation, graph representation of topics, entities relations and main points, as well as the capability to switch to a different language. Crucially, the customization capabilities are suited to the users' particular needs - whether moderators, participants, online participants, giving them an easy and personalised set of graphical interfaces, which relies on both the Data Engine and the Machine Learning Engine.

Moreover, to increase inclusiveness, the system provides a hybridization of online and offline participants - via an advanced avatar technology seek to provide bi-directional inclusiveness. Therefore, the HELIOSPHERE platform provides a spatial virtual physical concept that uses avatar technology to include large numbers of online debate participants (scale). Such capabilities become increasingly more critical in times of global pandemics, where offline gatherings of more than two people are prohibited for an extended time.

The immersive multimedia debate concept combines a look around - where all participants, local or virtual, are situated around the same round table and can be viewed by everyone in their positions rather than on opposite sides of a rectangular table - with a look inside - where AI-driven analytics support the addition and verification of insights by analysing a given pool of trustworthy media sources of multiple origins. This guarantees the real-time detection of fake assumptions and bias. The HELIOSPHERE dashboard visualises certain meta-aspects of the debate, signalling preference and contradicting opinions while they are detected. Especially in cases where debutants contradict their assumptions, this ensures participants stick to rational and honest statements and explain a possible change of opinion - after all, a difference of opinions is usually legitimate and often recommendable. Still, it should be treated openly and fairly by both speaker and listener.

With the spread of online interaction possibilities, the graphical representation of users has become ever more ubiquitous. With the origins for on-screen representation of users lying in 1980s computer games, and then spreading to personal icons in 1990s web culture, new messaging apps provide playful personalization as standard features (e.g., "Memoji/Animoji" on iOS, BitMoji on Snapchat, face filters on Instagram). Avatars offer users a sense of anonymity (they are not as recognisable as profile pictures or video chats) while retaining a sense of familiarity and personality to other participants. In a debating or conversational setting, we will use these properties of the medium to facilitate and improve online participation in physical contexts.

When avatars are displayed as audience members on screens, this brings them one step closer to the audience that can look at each other in the eye. Understandably, various modes in which online audiences can be blended in with a physical group of people - be that through 2D interfaces like monitors and screens, or 3D presences using hologram technology or robotics can be utilised to understand the most suitable solution depending on the gathering. Robotic presence is already used in classrooms worldwide to represent a teacher in the home of missing students or distant students in a school. The interaction challenge is explored to find the natural fit for engaging groups of audiences while retaining the possibility for anonymity and keeping the tone of the conversation straightforward and open.

*A Theoretical Concept to Increase the Trustworthiness of Online and Offline… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98442*
