*Improvement of Student Attention Monitoring Supported by Precision Sensing in Learning… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98764*

through monitoring and analysis in the e-learning environment, considering relevant parameters that have an impact on learning and health during the pandemic. e-PSAM management relates these sensing features to provide solutions to monitor, collect and evaluate processes. **Figure 1** illustrates the e-PSAM scenario included in the Smart HEI (the use of smart technology in Higher Education Institutes). Inside the Smart Universities field, which" involves a conceptual modernization of all the educational processes" [44]; it is integrated the proposed approach which encloses future 6G and 7G wireless networks, IoT platforms, and related technologies, as those mentioned in previous section. On the top left it is represented the core of the scenario: a student performing an e-learning task in an smart and monitoring environment which encloses radar and intelligent reflective surfaces. The student might use Augmented Reality / Virtual Reality glasses, and another bio-sensors devices that are instruments used to monitor student attention while performing e-learning activities.

The smart sensing application that supports attention monitoring, at the normal flow, collects and stores variables corresponding to attention measurement. The monitoring processes that will have an impact on student performance are measured electronically. The IoT platform, which supports the system, should be prepared to host the collected data from sensing. Processed information from sensing is sent back to the IoT platform and is made available to all monitoring.

The HEIs are equipped with electronic sensors supported by a new wireless communications provider. It is triggered when the e-PSAM monitoring function is activated. The HEIs stay in monitoring mode until that function is not deactivated, as can be seen in **Figure 2**.

The aforementioned scenario, seen as integrated in a network of HEIs, might be supported by a System-of-Systems (SoS) dedicated to management of HEI data (**Figure 3**). The represented SoS is divided in two main components: one dedicated to the creation environments, and another related to the data analytics which is focused on the management, monitoring, and analytics functionalities.

The system is able to support different data structures, and organized in different schemas, in order to create a knowledge and formalization. Generally speaking, the system supports data volume, velocity and heterogeneity. The implementation would require a cloud platform, envisaging 6G and 7G wireless network and technology.

It would be very useful to study end-to-end performance analysis of the system through simulation in order to derive metrics.

In a broad perspective, the aforementioned "*Precision Sensing Attention Monitoring of Student in eLearning*" scenario might be seen as a possible technological solution to monitor student' attention on a global 6G and 7G wireless network technological environment of HEI Management and Benchmarking trend. Thus,

**Figure 2.** *High-level illustration of IoT data streams and corresponding communication networks.*

**Figure 3.** *System-of-systems, IoT based data-centric HEI management.*

**Figure 4.** *HEIs management.*

contributing to the comparisons of various HEIs processes and performance metrics, giving the possibility to the system to learn and support high-level decisions. In such a case, at the top level of decision, the HEI managers can control the HEIs comparing the results, accepting or not the data analysis results, comparing their results with other HEIs. **Figure 4** illustrates three possible scenarios: "Precision sensing", use case, after equipping the HEIs and learning environment with electronic sensors (step 1), the manager can monitor the HEIs (step 2), through benchmarking with other HEIs (step3).

The solution might benefit different stakeholders in the chain: universities, students, centers of excellence, teachers; and IoT Devices manufacturers, communication network suppliers, and IoT platforms providers. HEIs managers profit from data analytics management services since they might take decisions based on HEIs they are responsible for and benchmarking. IoT platform with acts at the level of platform collecting data from the university. Additionally, it is appropriated to monitor health conditions of the HEI population through sense which seems to be crucial in the pandemic period.
