**3. Shrinkage behavior of casting**

While melting the metal in the furnace has a higher specific volume hence it occupies more space by the metal and on pouring it results in the solidification in the mold which increases the complexity of the solidification [1]. After pouring the temperature of the cast reduces and the specific volume also reduces which causes shrinkage in the poured volume as shown in **Figure 3**. To understand the complex behavior of solidification we need to understand three different stages of shrinkage of metal during the solidification process; it includes liquid shrinkage, liquid- solid shrinkage and solid shrinkage.
