**7.1 Iteration**

*Casting Processes and Modelling of Metallic Materials*

**64**

**Figure 10.**

**Figure 9.**

*Defect analysis of the coupler body*

*Defect analysis of the yoke*

needs to be eliminated from the cavity.

arrows) along with some minor porosity below the riser, which needs to be eliminated from casting. The porosities crosses the radiography level 2 and therefore,

By analyzing **Figures 4**–**10**, it can be concluded that knuckle has no major issues to be solved but the coupler body mouth and one end of yoke are prone to shrinkage defect and porosity respectively. Cross-section of critical section before modified methoding is shown in **Figure 11**. To solve the issues, two sprue with existing gating system is used with following minor modifications.


**Figure 11.** *Cross-section of Critical Section before modified methoding*


**Figure 12(a)** clearly indicates that the total solidification time is 3869 seconds i.e. 958 seconds (Approximate 16 minutes) more time than the solidification time
