**Abstract**

Cyberphysical systems will have a great development with the digital transformation known as industry 4.0. Cyberphysical Systems systems are devices that integrate capabilities to control and interact with a physical process. Among these are the Cobots, robots that perform tasks directly in conjunction with humans within a shared or nearby space. Safety is a fundamental issue when talking about Cobots, because there are requirements in terms of materials and design, kinetic limitations, and the implementation of sensors and algorithms that guarantee a safe workspace. Therefore, the potential risks of Cobot applications within the boom of industry 4.0 in cyberphysical systems are presented. Defining the fields of: Safety inspections; Routes and algorithms to avoid obstacles; Human-machine interfaces; Humans and Industry 4.0; Cyber security. Framed within the human-machine standards and protocols, within the safety functions and performance of a Cobot (ISO 10218-1 and ISO 10218-2 and ISO TS 15066). In this chapter, we discuss the different problems that are in the application of Cobots, in conjunction with different proposals for improvement and aspects to consider.

**Keywords:** Cobots, Industry 4.0, Safety, security, cybersecurity

#### **1. Introduction**

Contextualizing, industry 4.0 is the integration of cyber-physical systems in manufacturing and logistics processes, the use of the internet of things and services in industrial processes [1]. Creating significant changes in the manufacturing industry, in consumer behavior and in the way of doing business, through technologies that work together, such as additive manufacturing, 3D printing, reverse engineering, big data and analytics, artificial intelligence, autonomous robots that when working together, cause [2].

The term industry 4.0 was mentioned in 2011 at the Hannover fair. The "4.0" refers to a fourth industrial revolution due to the cyber-physical production systems that integrate the real and virtual [1]. Initially, the first Industrial Revolution, between the XVlll and XlX centuries was based on introducing mechanical production equipment powered by water vapor. The second Revolution in the twentieth century allowed mass production, thanks to the division of tasks and the use of electrical energy, which facilitated the manufacture of products for mass consumption. At the end of the twentieth century there was the third revolution based on

**Figure 1.** *Four industrial revolutions.*

electronics and computer science to make automated production possible. Finally, industry 4.0 emerges as a new industrial revolution incorporating the new technological advances of the time [3].

In **Figure 1**, it is observed how the 4th industrial revolution, has a presence with robotics, intelligent technology and interconnectivity, thus giving way to collaborative robotics.
