**3.2 Cyber security**

Digitization strategies in cyberphysical production systems (CPPS) are one of the key factors in Industry 4.0. Its integration into a hyperconnected system facilitates the production of goods and services. In addition, these industries are characterized by automation, as well as unmatched levels of data exchange across the value chain. The topic not only addresses data preparation, real-time data processing, big data analysis, visualization, and machine interface design, but also cybersecurity. In particular, unauthorized access to protected data (personal or business) or unauthorized control of production facilities involve risks in terms of digitisation, with digitisation having an impact on security. Cybersecurity risks are crucial as

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*COBOTS in Industry 4.0: Safe and Efficient Interaction DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99540*

industrial transformation [11, 12].

**3.3 Standards**

out in ISO 10218.

**3.4 Rules and types of cooperation**

improved sensors and controls.

operator can get to work, but not at the same time.

the prevalence of these information and operation technologies has changed the appearance of cyber threats. Addressing the premises and realities of cybersecurity in Industries 4.0 and 5.0 is crucial. The risk mitigation strategies provided by various organizations are crucial to reducing risks. Given the gaps and vulnerabilities generated by interconnections, cybersecurity is vital for the advancement of digital

Industrial regulations that incorporate the risks related to the use of collaborative robots by workers include the international standard ISO 10218 and the Technical Specification ISO/TS 15066: 2016, the American ANSI/RIA R15.06, the European EN 775 that is adapted from ISO 10218, and standards such as the Spanish UNE-EN 755 adapted from EN 755 by the Spanish Association of Standardization and Certification. To prevent accidents, the selection of a safety system should be based on the analysis of the aforementioned risks. Commonly in the past, security systems have separated workspaces from robots and humans. An instance of this separation was reflected in the UNE-EN 755: 1996 standard. It stated that sensor systems should be incorporated to prevent people from entering a hazardous area, where the operational state of the robotic system could have caused dangers to workers. According to traditional standards, authorized personnel can only be

The latest update of ISO 10218-1 and ISO 10218-2 provide details on collaborative work requirements and typologies of cooperation tasks. The first includes, for example, start-up controls, operation of the safety control system, motion braking, speed control, while the second includes, for example, manual guidance, interface window and cooperative workspace. The international standard ISO: 8373–2012, specifies the vocabulary used in relation to robots and robotic devices. New terms involved in the development of new collaborative tasks in industrial and nonindustrial environments, such as human-robot interaction and the service robot, are defined, as well as more established terms, such as robot and control system. The recent Technical Specification ISO/TS 15066: 2016, attempts to further specify human-robot collaboration by complementing the requirements and guidance set

Iso EN 10218 for robots and robotic devices defines four basic types of HRC. For some types of cooperation, the use of special collaborative robots with integrated sensors is required. Other types of applications have a conventional robot with

During the operator's manual control process, the robot's load is compensated to maintain its position. The operator can move freely with the manipulator in space without exerting a force majeure. The human being comes into direct contact with the machine, but the movement is not initiated by the robot, only controlled by the operator. For safety reasons, the speed of the robot is reduced and updated with safety functions. The robot must be equipped with a measuring device to monitor the impact load. Some robots have sensitive elements (torque sensors) embedded

The supervised *stop* with safety rating is the simplest type of collaboration. There are applications in which the robot share's part or all its workspace with an operational team. If a worker appears in the robot's work area, the machine stops and remains on hold until the man leaves. In the shared area, the robot and the

inside the robot workspace if the robot is not in automatic mode.

the prevalence of these information and operation technologies has changed the appearance of cyber threats. Addressing the premises and realities of cybersecurity in Industries 4.0 and 5.0 is crucial. The risk mitigation strategies provided by various organizations are crucial to reducing risks. Given the gaps and vulnerabilities generated by interconnections, cybersecurity is vital for the advancement of digital industrial transformation [11, 12].
