**Author details**

Kübra Gençdağ Şensoy1 and Mihrican Muti<sup>2</sup> \*

1 Department of Food Processing, Köşk Vocational High School, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey

2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey

\*Address all correspondence to: mihricanmuti@adu.edu.tr

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**187**

*The Novel Nanomaterials Based Biosensors and Their Applications*

using seed-mediated growth method.

Chem. Mater., 15, 1957-1962.

[10] Kokulnathan, T., Wang, T. J., Kumar, E. A., Suvina, V., Balakrishna, R. G. (2020). Development of an Electrochemical Platform Based on Nanoplate like Zirconium Phosphate for the Detection of Furazolidone. ACS Appl. Nano Mater., 3, 4522-4529.

[11] Mirhosseini, M., Shekari-Far, A., Hakimian, F., Haghiralsadat, B. F., Fatemi, S. K., Dashtestani, F. (2020) Core-shell Au@Co-Fe hybrid nanoparticles as peroxidase mimetic nanozyme for antibacterial application, Process Biochemistry 95, 131-138.

[12] Fernandes, P. M. V., Campiña, J. M., Silva, A. F. (2020). A layered nanocomposite of laccase, chitosan, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles-reduced graphene oxide for the nanomolar electrochemical detection of bisphenol A. Microchimica

[13] Zhoua, L., et al. (2019). A labelfree electrochemical biosensor for microRNAs detection based on DNA nanomaterial by coupling with Y-shaped DNA structure and non-linear hybridization chain reaction. Biosensors

and Bioelectronics, 126, 657-663.

[15] Zhu, S., Meng, Q., Wang, L., Zhang, J., Song, Y., Jin, H., Zhang, K., Sun, H., Wang, H., Yang, B. (2013). Highly photoluminescent carbon dots for multicolor patterning, sensors, and bioimaging. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.

[16] Guo, X. F., Kim, G. J. (2009). Synthesis of Ultrafine Carbon Black

Engl., 52, 3953-3957.

[14] Liu, M., Zhang, Q., Brennan, J. D., Li, Y. (2018). Graphene-DNAzymebased fluorescent biosensor for *Escherichia coli* Detection. MRS Communications, 8, 687-694.

Acta, 187, 262.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94930*

[1] Wu, L., Xiong, E. H., Zhang, X., Zhang, X. H., & Chen, J. H. (2014). Nanomaterials as signal amplification elements in DNA-based electrochemical sensing. Nano Today, 9(2), 197-211.

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**Author details**

Kübra Gençdağ Şensoy1

University, Aydin, Turkey

Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey

provided the original work is properly cited.

and Mihrican Muti<sup>2</sup>

\*Address all correspondence to: mihricanmuti@adu.edu.tr

\*

1 Department of Food Processing, Köşk Vocational High School, Aydın Adnan

2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Aydın Adnan Menderes

© 2020 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium,

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**197**

and smart farming

**1. Introduction**

**Chapter 10**

**Abstract**

*Sivaji Mathivanan*

Perspectives of Nano-Materials

Nanobiosensor is one type of biosensor made up with usage of nanomaterials i.e., nanoparticles and nanostructures. Because of the nanomaterials' unique properties such as good conductivity, and physicochemical, electrochemical, optical, magnetic and mechanical properties, Nanobiosensors are highly reliable and more sensitive in biosensing approaches over conventional sensors which is having various limitation in detection. Quantum dots, nanotubes, nanowires, magnetic and other nanoparticles enhance sensitivity and lower limit of detection by amplifying signals and providing novel signal transduction mechanisms enable detection of a very low level of food contaminants, pesticides, foodborne pathogens, toxins and plant metabolites. Nanobiosensors are having a lot of scope in sustainable agriculture because of its detecting ability i.e., sensing changes occurred in molecular level. So it can be utilized to find out the variations or modification of plant metabolities, volatiles, gas exchange, hormonal and ion concentration etc. which are the indicators of various harsh environmental stresses (abiotic), biotic and physiological stress. Identification of the stress in the starting stage itself will help us to avoid intensive plant damage and prevent yield losses created by the stress. Nanosensors can be used in smart farming, in which all the environmental factors related to plant growth like temperature, water, pH, humidity, nutritional factor etc. are measured and precaution taken to control the factors which reduce the crop production with the help of IOT platform, thereby enhance the productivity. In this review, discussed about nanobiosensors for detection of food contaminants and various application and its potential in agriculture.

**Keywords:** biosensor, nano material, nano-biosensor, food contaminants, agriculture

Agriculture and food industry are a main source of income and employment for

major section of population. Agriculture sector plays a strategic role in the selfsustaining economic development by providing basic ingredients to mankind and raw material for industrialisation. Global estimates indicate, the people engaged in agriculture are about 2.5 billion [1]. Agriculture is much diversified field, but continuing with technological growth at brisk pace. Many advanced technologies are introduced in agriculture to increase the yield by reducing the direct and indirect factors which affect the crop yield. Major yield reduction factors are insect, pathogens and weeds which can be controlled by human beings through application of

and Nanobiosensors in Food

Safety and Agriculture
