*The Chaotic Behavior of ICT Users DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94443*

These are also known as cognitive appraisals and coping strategies. First, individuals evaluate the potential consequences of events by making a judgment. The central assessment is one's judgment regarding the significance of an event that is stressful, positive, controlled, challenging, or irrelevant. Subsequent inspections are assessments of the resources and choices of individual mitigation strategies. This second assessment addresses what individuals can do to control the situation. Individuals take different actions to deal with chaotic conditions. It means that their mitigation strategy is to face the harmful effects of technostress. Thus, a mitigation strategy is an adaptive action that individuals do in response to disturbing events that occur in their environment.

More broadly, the interactions between the socio-technical entities produce a lot of the results that appear in the information system. This paper presents an example, which includes the creation of collaborative online orders and technology's capabilities [82]. It demonstrates that the organizations need the information systems to be in alignment [83] and that new configurations between organizational, platform and participant dimensions exist [84]. The emergence perspective offers a lens to understand the many unpredictable socio-technical phenomena that reach the individual, group, organizational and community levels, in the context of expanding digitalization.

In practice, the chaos theory can help accountants, auditors, and educators understand their environment holistically so that they can control or behave creatively to adapt and continue to survive in their environment. Levy [19] suggested the need for innovativeness to be examined. The advantages of the chaos theory are that it can portray industrial phenomena holistically. In a complex system, managers must be creative to improve the quality of their decision making and to help them find innovative solutions. Not all accountants, auditors, or educators have the resources to keep pace with the development of new information systems or applications. The implementation of new information systems enables ICT users to experience technostress. Facing this condition, each individual will have a different coping response or behavior. Holistically, ICT users can utilize their creativity or innovation to mitigate the negative impact of information technology. The ICT users, therefore, would not allow a new ICT system to continue to interfere with them achieving the required performance. Managers can make policies related to their staff's dysfunctional behavior due to complicated information technology. Managers must consider who gets stressed and how it impacts on them and others. Furthermore, managers can accommodate ICT users' innovations for facing technostress. In other words, managers can recommend ICT media that can be used to improve the users' learning of coping strategies.
