**3. Chaos theory and the chaotic situation**

#### **3.1 Technostress**

Brod [35] introduced technostress as a disease caused by a person's inability to adapt to new computer technology. This paper argues that ICT users feel unhealthy and have little or no motivation to use information systems or applications anymore. This technostress could be manifested by ICT users getting either excessive fear or computer anxiety. Ragu-Nathan et al. [11] suggested that information technology created many problems which ICT users cannot overcome. In other words, ICT users feel that they cannot become familiar with the information systems or applications and what is required for them to follow the procedural tasks.

Srivastava et al. [36] suggested that technostress occurred when the requirements for using ICT exceeded a user's capabilities to cope with or mediate such stress. Moreover, Stich et al. [37] also concluded that technostress is impaired experiential cognition experienced by users because of the complicated ICT. Stich
