**6. Conclusions**

The chaos theory implies that an individual could act randomly although the systems are deterministic. The individual acts randomly because of his/her selfcontrol, creativity or personal innovativeness and subtlely. We can recommend the chaos theory needs further research because this theory could be used to explain the phenomena of technostress. We propose that the chaos theory and its conceptual framework could overcome the weaknesses of some previous approaches that only investigated technostress phenomena from a single side. This paper argues for the proper way to apply the chaos theory so that future researchers could portray the technostress phenomena comprehensively.

Not all ICT users can meet the needs or requirements of new information technology in an organization. It means that coping behavior could occur in the unit analysis, either for individual or group users. This phenomenon still provides opportunities for further research. On the other hand, some research has also shown that the effects of information technology are not only harmful, just like other stressors, but they also have positive impacts. These positive consequences, due to technostress, also provide an opportunity to conduct further investigations because this impact could be not only linear but also non-linear.

From a different perspective, this chapter proposes the anti-thesis of the ICT users who had been hurt by technostress. It argues the use of the build and broadens theory for mitigating the harmful effects of technostress. When ICT users feel confused, due to the technostress's creators, the developers of information systems and applications could use this theory to facilitate them in coping with chaotic problems. This theory recommends that ICT users could be encouraged by information systems that improve the state of their cognitive flow. It then opens opportunities for future research to investigate the influence of this theory in reducing ICT users' emotional situations. Another future research possibility is the development of materials, tools or knowledge based on the build and broadens approach that could mitigate the negative experiential values of ICT users.
