**2.1 V5+ oxides**

Inorganic chemistry of bulk vanadium with respect to its structural analysis that possesses the oxidation state of +5 is the greatest diverse between bulk MO. Additionally, this analysis has been evaluated from the broad-ranging examination of XRD. Further, Bulk vanadate (VO6) ions comprise of firstly, isolated orthovanadate ( <sup>3</sup> *VO*<sup>4</sup> <sup>−</sup> ) secondly, dimeric pyrovanadate (V2 <sup>4</sup> O7 <sup>−</sup> ), or polymeric chain which is metavanadate (VO3 ) *n n* <sup>−</sup> structures. These four-coordinated vanadate ions are distinguished through amount of linking bonds with an assembly of V–O–V are existing firstly, orthovanadate (0) secondly, pyrovanadate (1), and finally metavanadate (2) structures. The charge in their structures is balanced via cations (e.g., Na3VO4, and Na4V2O7,). Bulk vanadate's (VO6) exhibits quite collective structures, which are normally, bring into extended structures of vanadia. As an example, decavandate cluster present in Na6V10O28 contains five discrete distorted sites of VO6 [20]. The extremely distorted VO6 structures typically retain one V=O (terminal bond) of the type mono-oxo) having bond lengths ranges from 0.158 to 0.162 nm. In certain greatly distorted oxides of VO6, the sixth oxygen is positioned far away from vanadium atom in such a way that these compounds are efficiently reflected to hold VO5 coordination. Numerous gas-phase X3V=O mono-oxo halide classes are also recognized and vanadyl vibrations ranges in the order of 1025–1058 cm−1 that owns growing electronegativity of respective halides species which follows the sequence Br *<* Cl *<* F [21]. The oxyhalide vibrations of F2V O2 <sup>−</sup> and Cl2V O2 <sup>−</sup> that belongs to di-oxo are detected at two reading firstly, at 970/962 and secondly at 970/959 cm−1. As a conclusion, bulk vanadium that owns +5 oxidation state and holds rich inorganic chemistry is assembled up from the coordinated structures of VO4, VO5, and VO6 (see **Figure 1**).
