**5. Recommended practices for use of biochar in agriculture**

Nature of crop residues for biochar production: Freshly harvested, underutilized dry crop and agroforestry residues should be used for biochar production. Use of crop residues grown on toxic chemical and heavy metal contaminated site should be avoided.

Location and operation of biochar kiln unit: The biochar kiln unit should be located near to the crop and agroforestry residue generating locations to providea management solution and minimize handling and transportation loss and costs. The kiln unit should be operated in an open space with sufficient atmospheric aircirculation, ideally away from any other structures. Precautions should be maintained while opening and closing of kilning unit during the cooling period.

Preparation of biochar: The fresh biochar needs to be 'cured' overnight with exposure to open air. It is advisable to store the biochar outside under shelter, away from buildings, in a cool, dry wellventilatedopen spot and grind to powder just before its use. The biochar should be transportedto the application site in a sealed container or in a closed plastic bag.

Application of biochar: It is better to apply biochar as close to ground as possible on mildwindy day to avoid drift loss by wind.

Protective clothing such as insulated gloves or gunny rags, masks or cloths should be used whenever possible while handling kiln and biochar.
