**2.2 Materials and tools**

This research uses several secondary data from related institutions such as: 1) rainfall data in the last 10 years; 2) the latest land use and soil data in 2018 issued by the Office for Watershed Management and Protection Forest Brantas [27] in East

Java, Indonesia; 3) contour spatial data (issued by Indonesia Spatial Information Board), soil type, slope and plant management factors and conservation measures. In addition, several tables were agreed upon by experts from previous researchers. Some secondary data related to the agricultural sector and population from agencies such as the Central Statistics Bureau (BPS) of Indonesiaand the Ministry of Agriculture of Indonesia are also needed, particularly to analyze population pressure in the Lesti Sub-watershed.
