**2.1 Feedstocks/raw materials**

Various organic materials are suitable as feedstock for the production of biochar. Biochar can be produced with raw materials such as grass, cow manure, wood chips, rice husk, wheat straw, cassava rhizome, and other agricultural crop residues [6]. Agricultural wastes (bark, straw, husks, seeds, peels, bagasse, sawdust, nutshells, wood shavings, animal beds, corn cobs and corn stalks, etc.), industrial wastes (bagasse, distillers' grain, etc.), agroforestry (*Gliricidia* twig, *Eucalyptu*s bark, *Pongamia* shell, *Eucalyptus* twig and *Leucaena* twig) and urban/municipal wastes [7, 8] have been extensively used, thus also achieving waste management through its production and utility. Hard wood biomass containing 10% moisture content is best for biochar production. After collecting hard woods, removal of barks can help to avoid lignin effects. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin polymers are the principal components of biomass used for the biochar production.. Among these, cellulose has been found to be the prime component of most plant-derived biomasses, but lignin is also important in woody biomass.
