**5. Parastomal hernia**

Occurrence of parastomal herniation is a common complication after stoma formation. The reported incidence of parastomal hernias varies from 28% in ileostomies to 56% in colostomies (Carne et al., 2003; LeBlanc et al., 2005; Rieger et al., 2004). A parastomal hernia is more likely to occur when the stoma emerges through the semilunar line rather than the rectus sheath. Although most hernias become present within two years after stoma construction, the risk of herniation extends up to 20 years.
