**2. Related works and research trends**

#### **2.1 Trend analysis for remote monitoring**

The remote laboratory has been used for the past 20 years and is still used progressively for learning technologies, as shown by the publication pattern depicted in **Figure 1**. A basic bibliometric analysis was performed, to compile and evaluate the information obtained from the SCOPUS database's bibliographic sources. This analysis includes a summary of the most relevant keywords related to monitoring applications, as well as the publications trend and subject area that have been published. Over the last five years, publications with an average of more than 50 articles revealed that research interest was concentrated on these keywords namely monitoring, cost, architecture, e-learning, and higher education, as shown in **Figure 2**. The state of the art has presented the most recent status of remote technology progresses, implementations, and applications through many niche studies. This study offers insight into discovering the most important publications of the year, how interest in such subjects has grown over time, and the most studied topics in the subject area.

Current trends in total publications, as shown in **Table 1**, indicate that this research is expected to receive demand from the engineering and education sectors

**67**

monitoring applications.

*Top keywords with VOSViewer visualization map.*

**Figure 2.**

*Cost-Effective Interfaces with Arduino-LabVIEW for an IOT-Based Remote Monitoring…*

to establish remote monitoring. Surprisingly, engineering accounts for 53% of total publications, led by social science, physics and astronomy, and computer science, which each contribute between 27%, 25%, and 22% in the subject field of remote

LABVIEW offers simple interfaces in form of graphical programming through Graphical User Interface (GUI) instead of text-based programming. The environment development of the project with front panel such as controls (known as input) to supply information to the VI, indicators (known as output) display the results based on the inputs given to the VI and block diagram to comprise of graphical block programming that applies data flow concept is known as virtual instruments (VIs).

**2.2 Consideration of LABVIEW in remote laboratory application**

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97784*

**Figure 1.**

*Total publications by year.*

*Cost-Effective Interfaces with Arduino-LabVIEW for an IOT-Based Remote Monitoring… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97784*

**Figure 1.** *Total publications by year.*

*LabVIEW - A Flexible Environment for Modeling and Daily Laboratory Use*

This would support both students and instructors by enhancing the learning environment and exposing students to the industrialized sector. As a core learning process, laboratory experience is essential to learning processes in all areas of engineering. Studies have shown that students who participate in well-designed laboratory experiences gain valuable skills and competencies. Some agree that the development of laboratory activities that enable students to conduct experiments remotely would increase students' commitment to furthering their education. At the same time provide training for high-tech careers by fostering the skills desired by potential employers [1]. Indeed, this not only allow students to actively participate in the learning process, but they will also have vivid experiences, can work in a group or independently, and their attention will improve their commitment and satisfaction [2]. On the management side, remote laboratories benefited by reducing the number of scheduling arrangements, overcoming equipment inadequacy, and reduce overloading students by utilizing the learning versatility provided by IoT. As a result, the need to transform the traditional laboratory into a remote laboratory is significant. In these circumstances, effective interfaces must be established in order to achieve system monitoring as well as remote application interconnectivity through the internet. Such requirements can be met by using a data acquisition system, in this case LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench) in conjunction with Arduino board. Furthermore, the proposed system is not limited to laboratory applications and can be extended to other applications such as solar photovoltaic, agriculture, and environmental studies. The importance of such a framework can be seen in open-source hardware as a data acquisition device that is easily configurable to meet the intended requirements of specific applications. The remaining chapter discusses the trend and review on the open-source interfacing module for remote applications along with implementation challenges in Section 2. Section 3 presents the methodology, to cover overall software and hardware used in this work implementation of interfacing module to acquire the data. The process known as data acquisition will demonstrate how the data transferring process is designed to collect the data from and to the real plant in the laboratory. Section 4 and Section 5 discuss Blynk integration to modular hardware as well with example of case study for PID simulation in real time execution.

The remote laboratory has been used for the past 20 years and is still used progressively for learning technologies, as shown by the publication pattern depicted in **Figure 1**. A basic bibliometric analysis was performed, to compile and evaluate the information obtained from the SCOPUS database's bibliographic sources. This analysis includes a summary of the most relevant keywords related to monitoring applications, as well as the publications trend and subject area that have been published. Over the last five years, publications with an average of more than 50 articles revealed that research interest was concentrated on these keywords namely monitoring, cost, architecture, e-learning, and higher education, as shown in **Figure 2**. The state of the art has presented the most recent status of remote technology progresses, implementations, and applications through many niche studies. This study offers insight into discovering the most important publications of the year, how interest in such subjects has grown over time, and the most studied topics in the subject area. Current trends in total publications, as shown in **Table 1**, indicate that this research is expected to receive demand from the engineering and education sectors

**66**

**2. Related works and research trends**

**2.1 Trend analysis for remote monitoring**

**Figure 2.** *Top keywords with VOSViewer visualization map.*

to establish remote monitoring. Surprisingly, engineering accounts for 53% of total publications, led by social science, physics and astronomy, and computer science, which each contribute between 27%, 25%, and 22% in the subject field of remote monitoring applications.
