**7. Conclusion**

In this chapter, a comparative study between the neural network controller and neural network PSO controller is proposed and is applied with success in indirect adaptive control. For instance, the lowest *MSEec* , *MAEec* , *min e*ð Þ*<sup>c</sup>* and *max e*ð Þ*<sup>c</sup>* are obtained and it is proved that the PSO method is the best. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is successfully applied to single-input single-output system, with and without disturbances, and it proved its robustness to reject disturbances and to accelerate the speed of the learning phase of the neural model and neural controller.
