Meet the editor

Prof. S. M. Sohel Murshed was born in Bangladesh and obtained his Ph.D. in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering from Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. He is currently a professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Lisbon, Portugal, and a visiting professor at Rochester Institute of Technology, New York. Previously he worked as a postdoctoral fellow and visiting professor and scientist at dif-

ferent universities in Singapore, the United States, the United Kingdom, and India. In 2020, he received the prestigious DUO-India Professorial Fellowship Award. Dr. Murshed has authored/co-authored 10 books, 30 book chapters, and more than 180 papers in leading international journals and conferences. He was recently named one of the World's Top 2% Scientists by Stanford University.

Contents

Acetate: A Kinetic Study

of Current Research

*by Umaima Gazal*

*by Rina Wasserman*

*João M.M. Araújo and Ana B. Pereiro*

*by Hong Guo and Patricia Iglesias Victoria*

Applications of Ionic Liquids in Gas Chromatography

**Preface XI**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 23**

**Chapter 3 47**

**Chapter 4 83**

**Chapter 5 109**

**Chapter 6 123**

Production of 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Acetate [Bmim][Ac] Using 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride [Bmim]Cl and Silver

*by Samir I. Abu-Eishah, Saber A.A. Elsuccary, Thikrayat H. Al-Attar,* 

Fluorinated Ionic Liquids as Task-Specific Materials: An Overview

Group of Uniform Materials Based on Organic Salts (GUMBOS): A Review of Their Solid State Properties and Applications *by Rocío L. Pérez, Caitlan E. Ayala and Isiah M. Warner*

Ionic Liquids as High-Performance Lubricants and Lubricant Additives

Ancient and Contemporary Industries Based on Alkali and Alkali-Earth

Salts and Hydroxides: The Historical and Technological Review

*by Nicole S.M. Vieira, Margarida L. Ferreira, Paulo J. Castro,* 

*Asia A. Khanji, Hifsa P. Butt and Nourah M. Mohamed*

## Contents


Preface

Ionic liquids (ILs) have received increasing interest from researchers and industries due to their fascinating properties and great potential in numerous applications. The usages of ILs are expanding every day in areas such as engineering, analytics, physical chemistry, electrochemistry, tribology, and biology. These liquids are also considered sustainable and green liquids that can be tailored for specific applications. The thermophysical properties of ILs are essential for their sustainable and high performance in real-world applications. Over six chapters, this book examines the

Chapter 1 presents a new process combining experimental work and kinetic analyses to produce [Bmim][Ac] IL, which has low vapor pressure and is considered one of the important ILs in the solvent industry. In addition, the chapter reports on the production of silver chloride as a high-value chemical compound byproduct.

Chapter 2 reviews current research and progress in fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs) as task-specific materials. It also highlights the unique thermophysical and toxicological properties of compounds in addition to their application as task-specific materials in many fields of interest including biomedical applications and other engineering

Chapter 3 reports an extensive review of the properties and application of a group of uniform materials based on organic salts (GUMBOS). Noting that ILs are special types (melting points below 100°C) of organic salts, the chapter focuses on recent developments and studies that provide fine-tuned and enhanced properties through transformation and recycling of diverse ionic compounds into solid-state ionic

New lubricants or lubricant additives with high performance and low toxicity are of great significance, particularly to reduce their negative impact on the environment. Chapter 4 reviews the current literature on the development and use of ILs such as protic ILs as high-performance lubricants and lubricant additives to different types of base lubricants. It also elaborates the relation between the structures of ILs and their various features and properties including viscosity, thermal stability, corrosion behavior, biodegradability, and toxicity. The chapter also discusses friction reduction

Chapter 5 discusses the applications of ILs in gas chromatography. It emphasizes the use of different types of ILs in different stages (static) and phases (stationary) in gas chromatography. This chapter also highlights the potential of ILs in multidimensional

The final chapter presents a historical and technological review of ancient and contemporary industries based on alkali and alkali–earth salts and hydroxides. This review of the archeological, historical, and technological background provides readers with the scope of the various daily life applications of these

properties and applications of these emerging liquids.

processes.

materials of greater utility.

gas chromatography.

and wear protection mechanisms of ILs.
