*3.1.7 Higher tolerance to demanding operating conditions (varying load and speed, temperatures, contaminations)*

Bearing field issues analysis over the years suggests that external contamination, poor lubrication, and abusive operating conditions are major reasons for premature bearing failure. However, in modern powertrains, it is expected that bearing manufacturers should consider these conditions and develop bearing suitable to operate or having better capabilities to handle these operating conditions.

### **3.2 Engine system bearings**

A hybrid powertrain utilizes dual power sources and one of the prominent power sources is the internal combustion engine. The importance of engine is prominent even though electric battery-powered vehicles are penetrating its presence. Engine is one of the great innovations of our time and will be around for many reasons. It is expected that more than half of the vehicles will be transformed into electric, but still majority will be hybrid vehicles. Engine bearings are having some typical requirements and some of them are mentioned below,
