Contents


Preface

The evolution of nature led to the resolve of many research and development challenges. Nature tested every field of science and engineering leading to inventions with creative solutions for everything that can work well, adapt and last long. Biomimetics that is associated with bio-inspiration represents an emerging area of research development that studies, assesses, and adopts from nature the best biological ideas and products in order to solve modern science and engineering problems. This includes models, elements, materials, processes, mechanisms, concepts systems, techniques, structures, seniors, etc. Biologically

This handbook includes 9 chapters that contribute to the state-of-art and up-to-date knowledge on research advancement of the biomimetic approach. The topics of chapters introduce research at the interface among biology, sciences, engineering, and technology. The editors through this book hope to build a line of transformative research directions based on the adaptation of creative design and smart solutions from natural models to technical models, using methodologies, algorithms, and solutions that are opening new dimensions and areas of development about how to solve efficiency requirements by understanding the evolution of solutions in nature. This creative-based thinking and processes enable researchers to think out of the

**Maki K. Habib**

New Cairo, Egypt

**César M. Gómez**

Pamplona, Spain

Department of Construction,

Mechanical Engineering Department, The American University in Cairo,

Building Services and Structures at the University of Navarra,

boxes and open the way for new scientific challenges and achievements.

inspired approaches create a new reality with great potential.
