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**Chapter 9**

**Abstract**

ties for electrolyte membrane.

energy that is environmentally friendly.

silane-coupled nanosilica

**1. Introduction**

Characterization of Chitosan

Silane-Coupled Nanosilica for

*Ella Kusumastuti, Fadila Mauliani, F. Widhi Mahatmanti,* 

The electrolyte membrane currently being developed is limited to materials that are toxic and expensive. Chitosan as a natural organic polymer supports modification to produce the desired physical and chemical properties, one of which is as solid electrolyte. In the presence of functional groups on chitosan, it is possible to modify it with nanosilica as inorganic filler to improve its characteristics. Incorporation of chitosan matrix with of silane-coupled nanosilica in nanosilica:silane ratio (w/w) are 1:0; 1:0.25; 1:0.50; 1:1; 1:1.50; and 1:2. Evaluation on their properties are both quantitatively (water uptake, tensile strength, proton conductivity, methanol permeability, and selectivity) and qualitatively (functional groups, morphology, topography, and thermal properties). The results show that silane addition to the chitosan-nanosilica membrane in nanosilica:silane as 1:0.50 achieve the best characteristics for polymer electrolyte. The results of functional groups, morphology and topography analysis on selected membranes show that optimum silane addition provides the hydrogen interaction between chitosan matrix and silane-coupled nanosilica so there is an enhanced in membrane proper-

People's dependence on energy from fossil fuels is now getting higher, so energy resource supply is day by day decreasing. One of the alternative energy sources that is potential to overcome that problem is fuel cell [1]. A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy continuously. The use of fuel cells is expected to reduce people's reliance on fossil fuels and reduce the damage to the atmosphere due to emissions [2]. Therefore, fuel cell is a promising alternative

The main component of the fuel cell is polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) [2]. Since the role of polymer electrolyte membrane in fuel cell performance is very important, the study of technological development of polymer electrolyte

Membrane Modified with

*Jumaeri, Lukman Atmaja and Nurul Widiastuti*

**Keywords:** chitosan matrix modification, polymer electrolyte,

Polymer Electrolyte
