*6.2.2.3 Glycine betain*

Glycine betain, the variety of which is known to be found in organisms as well as plants, is accepted as the most common quaternary ammonium compound [78]. Under salt stress, it takes part in protecting membrane structure of plant, regulation of plant cells [76–79]. According to the studies, glycine betain accumulated in chloroplast is more effective than its accumulation in cytosol [79]. In conducted study, while in rice seedlings, which are under 150 mM salt stress, fragmentation of grana, swelling of thylakoids, deterioration in mitochondria may be observed, it is observed that these effects disappear with the pretreatment of glycine betaine [80]. As a result of accumulation of exogenously applied glycine betain, the plant has a stronger system against stress [76].
