*4.3.2 Effect of ion toxicity*

Accumulation of Na<sup>+</sup> and Cl− ions in plant makes negative effect by developing competitive system with limiting intake of the other ions into the plant. Soluble salts with high concentrations in soil can cause physiological drought [23]. With accumulation of soluble salts in plant root area, decrease in plant water intake occurs. Accumulated salts in root area creates ion imbalance in cells by getting into plant cells and this imbalance causes growth problems in plant tissues such as leaves, seeds etc. Excessive Na<sup>+</sup> accumulation in plants causes necrosis in old leaves and high concentrations of Na+ ions in shoots cause metabolic and osmotic problems [27]. Accumulation of soluble salts in high concentrations in soil causes negative effects.
