Meet the editor

Takuji Ohyama was born in Japan in 1951. He obtained a Ph.D. with a thesis entitled "Studies on the fate of nitrogen fixed in soybean nodules" in 1980 from the University of Tokyo. Dr. Ohyama is currently a full professor in the Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture. He was a professor in the Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, from 1982 to 2017. His research

interests include symbiotic nitrogen fixation and metabolism in soybean plants, new technology of deep placement of slow-release nitrogen fertilizers for soybean cultivation, nitrogen and carbon metabolism in tulip, curcuma, and cucumber, and the use of stable isotopes and positron-emitting radioisotopes. Dr. Ohyama has published more than 150 papers and 20 book chapters. He has also edited five books.

Kazuyuki Inubushi was born in Tokyo, Japan, in 1956. He obtained a Ph.D. with a thesis entitled "Studies on easily decomposable organic nitrogen in paddy soils" in 1984 from the University of Tokyo. Dr. Inubushi was a professor in the Graduate School of Horticulture, Department of Biological Production, Chiba University, from 1996 to 2021. He is currently Grand Fellow and Professor Emeritus. His research interests include nitrogen and

other nutrients' dynamics in paddy soil, effects of slow-release nitrogen fertilizers on microbial biomass in soil and greenhouse gas emission, nitrogen fixation and soil rehabilitation in arid soil, and use of stable isotopes and long-term soil fertility. Dr. Inubushi has published more than 200 papers and 45 book chapters. He has also edited three books.

Contents

**Section 1**

**Section 2**

**Section 3**

*by Anthony Imoudu Oyeogbe*

on the Northern Great Plains

**Preface XI**

Ecology and Environmental Aspects of Nitrogen in Agriculture **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 15**

Nitrogen Fertilizers and Nitrogen Management in Agriculture **25**

**Chapter 3 27**

**Chapter 4 37**

**Chapter 5 55**

N Utilization and Metabolism in Crops **73**

**Chapter 6 75**

Mitigation of Climate Change by Nitrogen Managements in Agriculture

*by Vitor Nascimento, Glauco Nogueira, Gabriel Monteiro, Waldemar Júnior,* 

Influence of Heavy Metals on the Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants

Agronomic Response of Camelina to Nitrogen and Seeding Rate

Cover Crop Residue Management for Effective Use of Mineralized

Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean Nodules Affects Seed Protein and Oil Contents: The Suggested Mechanism from the Coordinated Changes of Seed Chemical Compositions and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase

Activity Caused by Different Types of Nitrogen Fertilizer *by Toshio Sugimoto, Naoki Yamamoto and Takehiro Masumura*

*by Thandiwe Nleya, Dwarika Bhattarai and Phillip Alberti*

Nitrogen in Greenhouse Tomato Production *by Rafael A. Muchanga and Hajime Araki*

*by Kazuyuki Inubushi and Miwa Yashima*

*Joze Melissa Nunes de Freitas and Cândido Neto*

Nitrogen Management in Conservation Agriculture

## Contents



Preface

Nitrogen is an essential major element in all organisms and a component of proteins, amino acids, nucleic acids, and many indispensable metabolites. Nitrogen is the most important nutrient element for agriculture because the availability of nitrogen from the soil is generally not enough to support the yield and quality of crops.

In addition, the nitrogen stored in soil decreases with repeated cultivation because the harvested parts of the crop are taken out from the fields. To maintain soil fertility, crop rotation and application of organic matters have been practiced. After chemical nitrogen fertilizers have been produced by the industrial nitrogen fixation, farmers can use these fertilizers for agriculture. As a result, the productivity of crops increased several folds during the 20th century to feed the increasing world population. However, excess or inappropriate use of nitrogen fertilizers causes environmental problems such as nitrate leaching and contamination in groundwater

This book discusses nitrogen in agriculture, including its usage in crops, the dynamics of soil nitrogen in agricultural fields, and the ecology of and use of nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture to improve nitrogen-use efficiency and reduce

There are four sections in this book: Section 1: "Ecology and Environmental Aspects of Nitrogen in Agriculture," Section 2: "Nitrogen Fertilizers and Nitrogen Management in Agriculture," Section 3: "N Utilization and Metabolism in Crops,"

The first section includes Chapter 1, "Mitigation of Climate Change by Nitrogen Managements in Agriculture", by Kazuyuki Inubushi and Miwa Yashima; and Chapter 2, "Influence of Heavy Metals on the Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants", by Vitor Nascimento, Glauco Nogueira, Gabriel Monteiro, Waldemar Júnior,

The second section includes Chapter 3, "Nitrogen Management in Conservation Agriculture", by Anthony Imoudu Oyeogbe; Chapter 4, "Agronomic Response of Camelina to Nitrogen and Seeding Rate on the Northern Great Plains", by Thandiwe Nleya, Dwarika Bhattarai, and Phillip Alberti; and Chapter 5, "Cover Crop Residue Management for Effective Use of Mineralized Nitrogen in Greenhouse Tomato Production", by Rafael A. Muchanga and Hajime Araki.

The third section includes Chapter 6, "Nitrogen Fixation in Soybean Nodules Affects Seed Protein and Oil Contents: The Suggested Mechanism from the Coordinated Changes of Seed Chemical Compositions and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxylase Activity Caused by Different Types of Nitrogen Fertilizer", by Toshio Sugimoto, Naoki Yamamoto, and Takehiro Masumura; Chapter 7, "Modeling of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Lettuce Culture (*Lactuca sativa*): Isotopic Nitrogen (15 N) and AquaCrop" by Mawhoub Amirouche, Dalila Smadhi, and Lakhdar Zella; Chapter 8, "Nitrogen in Flowers", by Soraya Ruamrungsri, Kanokwan Panjama, Takuji

and rivers and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions.

ecological problems for sustainable agriculture.

and Section 4: "Plant-Microbe Interactions."

Joze Melissa Nunes de Freitas, and Cândido Neto.
