Contents

#### **Preface XIII**

	- **Part 2 Psychological Aspects of Diabetes 83**

X Contents


Contents VII

**Part 5 Alternative Treatments for Diabetes 363**

Momir Mikov, Hani Al-Salami and Svetlana Golocorbin-Kon

**and Therapy of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus 403**  Agustin Busta, Bianca Alfonso and Leonid Poretsky

Mamdouh Abdulrhman, Mohamed El Hefnawy,

Éva Szabó, Tamás Marosvölgyi and Tamás Decsi

Nilam Nilam, Seyed M. Moghadas and Pappur N. Shivakumar

Chapter 18 **Potentials and Limitations of Bile Acids and Probiotics in Diabetes Mellitus 365** 

Chapter 19 **Role of Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis** 

Chapter 20 **Honey and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus 423** 

Chapter 21 **Fatty Acid Supply in Pregnant Women** 

Rasha Ali and Ahmad Abou El-Goud

**with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus 437** 

Chapter 22 **Therapeutic Modelling of Type 1 Diabetes 461**

	- **Part 4 Identification and Monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus 285**

#### **Part 5 Alternative Treatments for Diabetes 363**

VI Contents

Chapter 8 **Contributing Factors to Poor Adherence and** 

Joseph P. H. McNamara, Adam M. Reid,

**Part 3 Perspectives of Diabetes Pathogenesis 159** 

**Causes and Consequences 181** 

Chapter 9 **Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in IRS-2 Deficient Mice 161**

Dan Qiao and Liqing Zhang

Chapter 14 **Diabetes Type 1 and 2:** 

Chapter 12 **Cytokine-Induced -Cell Stress and Death in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus 213** 

Timothy O'Brien and Afshin Samali

Chapter 13 **A Novel L-Arginine/L-Glutamine Coupling Hypothesis: Implications for Type 1 Diabetes 241**

> **What is Behind a Classification? 287**  Adriana Mimbacas and Gerardo Javiel

Chapter 15 **The Enlarging List of Phenotypic Characteristics That** 

Chapter 16 **Altering Trends in the Epidemiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents 323** 

**at Risk for Type 1 Diabetes 305** Elena Matteucci and Ottavio Giampietro

Elisavet Efstathiou and Nicos Skordis

Kjersti S. Rønningen

Chapter 17 **Genetic Testing of Newborns for Type 1 Diabetes Susceptibility – The MIDIA Study 337**

**Glycemic Control in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes: Facilitating a Move Toward Telehealth 141** 

Toshiro Arai, Nobuko Mori and Haruo Hashimoto

Chapter 10 **Obesity in the Natural History of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus:** 

Chapter 11 **Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies to Understand Disease Relatedness 199** 

Fernando Valente, Marília Brito Gomes and Sérgio Atala Dib

Lisa Vincenz, Eva Szegezdi, Richard Jäger, Caitriona Holohan,

Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt Jr. and Philip Newsholme

**Part 4 Identification and Monitoring of Diabetes Mellitus 285** 

**Might Allow the Clinical Identification of Families** 

Stephanie N. Lewis, Elaine O. Nsoesie, Charles Weeks,

Alana R. Freedland, Sarah E. Righi and Gary R. Geffken

Chapter 18 **Potentials and Limitations of Bile Acids and Probiotics in Diabetes Mellitus 365**  Momir Mikov, Hani Al-Salami and Svetlana Golocorbin-Kon

#### Chapter 19 **Role of Vitamin D in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus 403**  Agustin Busta, Bianca Alfonso and Leonid Poretsky


#### Chapter 22 **Therapeutic Modelling of Type 1 Diabetes 461**  Nilam Nilam, Seyed M. Moghadas and Pappur N. Shivakumar

Preface

Diabetes is a leading cause of death in many countries affecting both the young and old at an alarming rate worldwide. Due to the destruction of insulin-producing beta islet cells by the body's own immune system, type 1 diabetes is the most common metabolic and endocrinal disease among children. Finding a cure for this disease has been a major challenge for both basic science and clinical investigators. Owing to rapid research progress in the field, we now have a better knowledge in understanding the cellular and molecular basis responsible for diabetes, the associated complications, and

This book is intended as an overview of recent progress in type 1 diabetes research worldwide, with a focus on different research areas relevant to this disease. These include: diabetes mellitus and complications, psychological aspects of diabetes, perspectives of diabetes pathogenesis, identification and monitoring of diabetes mellitus, and alternative treatments for diabetes. In preparing this book, leading investigators from several countries in these five different categories were invited to contribute a chapter to this book. We have striven for a coherent presentation of concepts based on experiments and observation from the authors own research and from existing published reports. Therefore, the materials presented in this book are

Complications, such as those lead to severe cardiovascular diseases, caused by diabetes due to chronic inflammation have attracted intensive research in recent years. This section contains four chapters that discuss diabetes mellitus-caused complications due to the effect of glycative and oxidative stress, varied diet and life style, lipid disorders, and daily insulin doses. Better knowledge in these areas may help those who are affected by diabetes to reduce disease-associated long-term complications and

Type 1 disease usually occurs at young age and can have significant impact on those affected. Therefore, managing this disease becomes a very challenging daily task for the patients themselves and for their close family members. Frustration may occur while patients deal with their disease conditions, making adherence and proper glycemic control a challenge. To help address these challenges, four chapters discuss psychological aspects of diabetes, which provide updated and useful information regarding psychological factors related to diabetes in children and adolescents, how to

alternative treatments for this chronic inflammatory disease.

expected to be up to date in each research area.

to improve their life quality.
