**2. Diet, lifestyle and nephropathy**

Eighteen studies reported an association between macronutrients and type 1 diabetic nephropathy. Of these, thirteen reported results for the association between protein and nephropathy. The other five focussed on other dietary macronutrients such as fat, cholesterol or carbohydrate in relation with nephropathy. There were also three studies that reported results for protein as well as carbohydrate or fats and nephropathy. Furthermore one study reported an association between alcohol consumption and nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients and one study reported an association between physical activity and nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients. No studies were found examining the effect of glycaemic index/glycaemic load on nephropathy in type 1 diabetic patients.
