**3.4 The frequency of enterobius vermicularis among MIDIA children**

During the last generation T1D has shown a strong increase in incidence in the Western part of the world. During the same period also the number of children suffering of allergic diseases has increased. In countries in Africa both T1D and allergic diseases are rare. The aim of this study was to examine if this had to do with the decrease in children having enterobius vermicularis (pinworm). Data has shown that intestinal worms are involved in development of intestinal immunity. The prevalence of pinworm has decreased in all European countries. While 40-60% was infected in 1947, only 5-23% has been shown positive in recent reports (Herrström et al., 1997). In MIDIA all who still participated in the project (N=943), was in the period January-June in 2010 invited to send in anal tape samples taken 3 following mornings. Of the 397 who participated, 18% did have pinworm egg on at least one of the tapes. This was a much higher frequency than expected, but more analysis will be performed, including analysis of the particular questionnaires developed for this project.

#### **3.5 Lower respiratory tract infections**

A MIDIA cohort study was most recently able to study 42 cases and 843 non-cases, which showed that self-reported "pneumonia, bronchitis or RS-virus" gave a hazard ration at 3.5, p=0.001 for developing for islet autoimmunity before 4 years of age.
