**3.1.2 Alcohol**

In cross-sectional analyses of the EURODIAB Prospective Complications Study (Beulens et al. 2008) moderate alcohol consumers (30-70 g alcohol per week) had a lower risk of diabetic proliferative retinopathy, with an odds ratio of 0.60 (95% CI: 0.37-0.99). This association was most pronounced for the consumption of wine. Another cross-sectional study (Moss SE et al. 1992) examined whether alcohol consumption was associated with type 1 diabetic retinopathy. They found that moderate alcohol consumption was inversely associated with the prevalence of retinopathy (OR=0.49, 95% CI: 0.27-0.92) in patients with type 1 diabetes.
