d.Globalization and livestock revolution

The expanding industrial poultry production coupled with increased farm input costs necessitate that breeds that produce more efficiently are adopted in place of indigenous strains [122–124]. Furthermore, increased globalization of animal production and worldwide movement of germplasm fuel breed replacement against ICs leading to decline and loss in IC genetic resources [23, 117, 122].

e.Disease, Predators, negative selection and cultural practices

Endemic diseases and predators cause the loss of ICs [23, 48] and force many marginal families to discontinue investment in IC production [23]. Culling the best chickens for income and other functions (food, festivals, cultural, religious or ritual practices, i.e., negative selection) [16, 125], without a breeding programme for their replacement, depletes IC genetic resources.
