**1. Introduction**

*Pistacia*, a genus that belongs to the family and order of Anacardiaceae and Sapindales, respectively, includes almost twenty species five of which have been classified and characterized as significant and economically important [1]. Flowers of this genus are in panicles or racemes, unisexual, small, apetalous, subtended by 1–3 small bracts and wind-pollinated, and 2–7 bracteoles. Deciduous, alternative or evergreen leaves are typically pinnate, sometimes simple or trifoliate, leathery, or membranous [2]. *Pistacia vera, P. khinjuk, P. atlantica, P. terebinthus,* and *P. lentiscus* are the foremost species of the genus *Pistacia*, where studies carried out by numerous researchers showed that the *Pistacia vera L.* as the utmost economically valuable species [3]. Cultivated pistachio, which is scientifically known as *Pistacia vera* has continued to rise to an annual estimated value of around \$2 billion over the last two decades [4]. It has comestible seeds and a commercially important influence. Pistachios, often utilized in the shell, are fresh to consume; baked products, fruit, and ice cream are used for manufacturing purposes. Their applications as traditional, medical, and non-food products, such as toothache relief, are also

available. In addition, Pistachio has been documented as a solution for sclerosis and scirrhus of the liver, abscesses, impaired circulation, and other health-related issues [2, 5]. Furthermore, the *Pistacia* genus has been tested for multiple ethnomedicinal ailments, including inflammation, cancer, microbial attack, hypertension, and asthma, among others. The frequent usage of representatives of this genus rendered it as core plants in natural medicines. For instance, several health problems and disorders caused by free radicals may be can be mitigated by means of antioxidants.

Antioxidants are the strongest protective agents against free radicals. In this respect, members of genus *Pistacia* have been documented to display variable degrees of free radical scavenging potential. Leaf extracts obtained from *Pistacia lenticus* and *P. atlantica* exert antioxidant effects with 14.16% and 19.3%, respectively [6]. In addition, research findings indicated that genus *Pistacia* gens has been established as natural antimicrobial agents. Fungal growth was substantially decreased by the crude leaf extract of *P. atalantica* and *P. lenticus*, but the growth of bacteria was not significantly suppressed [6]. Similarly, the mouthwash of *P. atalantica* has an impressive antimicrobial effect on the microorganism of gingivae and has been recommended as reliable and effective [7]. In addition, essential oil from *P. vera* with an effective effect against some pathogenic bacteria particularly *S. aureus* and *E. coli* [8]. On the other hand, the lipophilic extract of *P. vera* demonstrated potential antiviral effect [9]. In addition, *P. lenticus, P. atlantica, P. palaestina,* and *P. vera*, among others exhibited anticancer activity in numerous experimental studies. In this context, the crude extract of leaves and fruits of *P. lenticus* substantially suppressed the growth in the cell line of the growing melanoma [10], where inhibitory potential against BHK21 cell line has been identified in the seed oil of *P. lenticus* [11]*.* Furthermore, the ethanol extract of *P. atlantica* showed significant activity against gastric and cervical carcinoma [12]. Besides, the essential oil obtained from *P. palaestina* is efficient in inhibiting malignant colorectal cancer [13]. Mansouri et al. [79] evaluated in vivo the neuroprotective effect of *P. vera L.* gum extract on oxidative damage during cerebral ischemia– reperfusion in rats and concluded that the neuroprotective potency may be due to cumulative antioxidant defense as well as suppression of free radical production [14]. Besides, anthelmintic role has been observed for different extract and essential oil of *P. khinjuk* particularly against *Echinococcus granulosus*, which develops hydatid cyst [15]. Except for all of these biological activities, members of genera *Pistacia* exert high therapeutic activity against numerous health issues, including peptic ulcer, colitis, Hypoglycemia, obesity, hypertension, Nephritic disorders, hepatic disorders, and other toxicological problems. Based on the previous discussion, the aim of the present work is to collect and summarize the medicinal information along with recent references pertaining to members of the genus *Pistacia*, which would be helpful to and further researchers in the field. Below are details about documented biological activities related to the members of the genus *Pistacia*.
