**Abstract**

Several plants in the genus *Pistacia* are used in the treatment of various pathogenic and non-pathogenic disorders. Especially important are the major species belonging to this genus such as *Pistacia lentiscus, Pistacia atlantica, Pistacia vera, Pistacia terebinthus,* and *Pistacia khinjuk,* among others; these have been reported for their potential benefits both in medical and commercial purposes. In addition, members of this genus exhibit numerous ethnomedicinal uses, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, antihypertension, antihyperlipidemic, antiviral, and antiasthma. In light of these potential uses, the present chapter aimed to collect and summarize the literature about all of this medicinal information. Accordingly, this chapter focuses on the pharmacological uses and benefits of the genus Pistacia, especially those related to health issues.

**Keywords:** *Pistaci*a; *Pistacia lentiscus*, *Pistacia atlantica*, *Pistacia vera*, *Pistacia terebinthus*, *Pistacia khinjuk*, pharmacological activities
