**5. Association with gynecological surgery**


*Ureteric Injury in Gynecology Surgery DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99649*

*Structures in the cardinal ligament—descending cervical branch of the uterine artery, ureter in the ureteric tunnel, lymph node and Frankenhauser plexus. Taken from [1].*

#### **Figure 2.**

*Course of pelvic ureters. Taken from [1].*


### *Urinary Tract Infection and Nephropathy - Insights into Potential Relationship*

**Figure 3.**

*Relations of the pelvic ureter. It crosses the bifurcation of vessels and then crosses under the uterine artery to enter the ureteric tunnel. Taken from [1].*

#### **Figure 4.**

*Pelvic lymphadenectomy. The external iliac artery (black arrow), vein (black double arrow), bifurcation of common iliac artery (white arrow) and internal iliac artery (white double arrow). The ureter is seen crossing the common iliac at its bifurcation (blue arrow). Taken from [1].*

#### **Figure 5.**

*Various points at which ureter is prone to injury in gynaecological surgery. (1) At the pelvic brim, while clamping the ovarian vessels. (2) In the broad ligament while clamping the uterine vessels. (3) In the ureteric tunnel in cardinal ligament. (4) At the vault of the vagina before it enters the bladder. Taken from [1].*
