**2.2 Sampling technique and data collection**

Women who visited the al-Zahraa teaching hospital's outpatient clinic, pregnant or not, were asked to provide their verbal agreement. For roughly 10 minutes, each woman was interrogated (Women who declined to participate were not questioned, and the next lady was chosen). Age, mother socioeconomic circumstances, obstetrical history, medical history, and patient complaint are all taken into account in the case history. Patients were taught how to collect urine samples in a sterile urine container under aseptic circumstances and then send them for a general urine examination. The sample was then given a name, a number, and was quickly taken to the lab for additional analysis.
