**1. Introduction**

When compared to non-pregnant women, the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) with bacteriuria increases considerably during pregnancy. Infection with bacteriuria during pregnancy has been linked to an increased risk of pyelonephritis [1]. Several physiological changes occur during normal pregnancy, including an increase in the volume of vascular and interstitial of the renal system, which results in a rise in kidney dimension of roughly 1 cm and a 30% rise in renal volume. In addition, by mid-pregnancy, around 80% of women will have dilated upper urinary tracts, ureters, pelvis, and calycle area. The right side of the body experiences dilation more frequently than the left [2]. Hydronephrosis and hydroureter, respectively, are dilations of the kidney and ureter that occur most commonly during the second trimester and last until birth. This dilation can be caused by both hormonal and mechanical factors; an increase in progesterone hormone levels causes a decrease in bladder and ureteral tone [3]. Urinary stasis was caused by mechanical causes such as gravid uterine compression paired with smooth muscle relaxation, which slowed ureter peristalsis and increased bladder volume capacity. Pregnancy-induced alterations in urine pH, osmolality, and glycosuria may further amplify bacterial growth [2]. Symptomatic infections (acute cystitis, acute pyelonephritis) occur when bacteria invade urinary tract tissues and trigger an inflammatory reaction, whereas asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) occurs when bacteria grow in urine without presenting symptoms of acute UTI [1]. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is more common in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women, and it is frequently underreported since diagnosis is difficult owing to the lack of particular symptoms or signs, whereas symptomatic bacteriuria creates no concerns because diagnosis and treatment are simple [1]. The most prevalent medical complication during pregnancy is urinary tract infection (UTI), which accounts for 20% of pregnancies and 10% of antepartum hospitalizations [4–6]. The most common bacterium that causes UTI in pregnant and nonpregnant women is *Escherichia coli* [7]. Preterm delivery is more common when the bacterium group B-streptococcus is infected, and when antibiotics are used often to treat UTIs caused by other organisms [8]. Other variables that contribute to an increase in UTI during pregnancy include a narrow urethra and closeness to the anus and vagina. Wesley [9] and the inability of women to completely empty their bladder. Lower socioeconomic groups have a higher incidence [9]. The risk is also reported to be increased by sexual activity and some contraceptive techniques [10]. Because of the physical link between the female urethra and the vagina, it is susceptible to damage during sexual intercourse and microorganisms being massaged up the urethra into the bladder during pregnancy/childbirth [11, 12]. Urinary tract abnormalities or stones, diabetes, immunosuppression, and a history of UTI all enhance the risk [13, 14]. It has severe consequences for both the unborn infant and the mother. Acute pyelonephritis, poor neonatal weight, and premature birth are all elevated risks, as is the risk of preeclampsia [1, 15], maternal anemia, hypertension, phlebitis, and thrombosis. Some bacteria can cause uterine contraction and cervix tearing by producing inflammatory mediators (phospholipase A2, arachidonic acid, and prostaglandins) [16]. Early detection and treatment of UTI has been linked to a better pregnancy outcome and a lower incidence of acute pyelonephritis, underscoring the need of screening all pregnant women regardless of symptoms. Although urine culture is regarded as the gold standard test, it takes a long time to complete. Several fast screening assays are now in use, however the data supporting their effectiveness is of poor quality. However, it has been found that combining them is a reliable option with sensitivity and specificity equivalent to urine culture. **Objective**: This study has been carried out to determine prevalence rate of urinary tract infection in pregnancy in compare to non-pregnant woman and to roll out the impact of pregnancy on the frequency of UTI.
