Meet the editor

Dr. Denis Larrivee is a visiting scholar at the Mind and Brain Institute, Las Vegas; University of Navarra Medical School, Spain; and Loyola University Chicago. He has held professorships at Weill Cornell University Medical College, NYC, and Purdue University, Indiana. A former fellow at Yale University's Medical School Dr. Larrivee received the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology's first-place award for studies on

photoreceptor degenerative and developmental mechanisms. He is the chief editor of several medical and scientific texts, including topics on brain- computer interfacing, Alzheimer's disease, neuromodulation and neurostimulation procedures, neuroethics, and sleep pharmacotherapies. He is an editorial board member of the journals *Annals of Neurology and Neurological Sciences* and *EC Neurology*. An International Neuroethics Society Expert he is the author of more than ninety papers and book chapters in such varied journals/venues as *Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Journal of Neuroscience, Journal of Religion and Mental Health*, and *IEEE Explore*. In 2018 he was a finalist in the international Joseph Ratzinger Expanded Reason Award sponsored by the Francis Vittorio University of Madrid.

Contents

**Section 1**

Systems Level Dysfunction

*by Denis Larrivee*

*by Murat Kayabekir*

*and Patricia Ortega Gabás*

and Apnea/Hypopnea Index

*by Gregory S. Carter*

**Section 3**

*by Bing Tang*

*and Marina Imre*

**Section 2**

**Preface XI**

Sleep and Its Systemic Association **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 17**

Pharmacotherapy in Sleep Disorders **43**

**Chapter 3 45**

**Chapter 4 61**

Supplemental Interventional Modalities in Sleep Therapy **87**

**Chapter 5 89**

**Chapter 6 103**

*by Juan José Ortega-Albás, Raquel López García, Alfonso Martínez Martínez, Sonia Carratalá Monfort, Juan Antonio Royo Prats, Laura Albiol Varela* 

The Pharmacology of Parasomnias and Movement Disorders of Sleep

Impact of Insomnia in the Elderly: The Correlation between Snoring

Elements of Diagnosis and Non-surgical Treatment of Obstructive Sleep

Apnea in Adults from the Dental Medicine Perspective

*by Teodor Trăistaru, Mihaela Pantea, Ana Maria Cristina Țâncu* 

Introductory Chapter: The Promise of Sleep Pharmacotherapy - Healing

Neurophysiology of Basic Molecules Affecting Sleep and Wakefulness

Mechanisms, Fundamentals of Sleep Pharmacology

Narcolepsy Treatment: Present and Future
