*6.2.1 Vector control guidelines*

The World Health Assembly approved in 2017 "Global Action for Vector Control 2017-2030" [51]. This document provides strategic guidance to assist countries and development partners to strengthen vector control in their disease prevention and outbreak response strategies. It calls for a reorientation of vector control programs with technical capacity building, improved infrastructure, strengthened monitoring and surveillance systems and strong community mobilization. Changing the behavior of the population is considered one of the essential elements in the fight against vector-borne diseases. WHO has recognized the importance of working with partners to educate and sensitize the public and to build understanding of the need and ways to protect themselves and their communities from the various vectors. In addition, access to water and sanitation services is a very important factor in disease control and elimination.

## *6.2.2 Main vector control methods*

Vector control methods are multiple because they change with the nature of the vectors, which present a great biological diversity. The most commonly used are: a) Biological methods which consist of using, for example, larvivorous fish at the level of water bodies and large aquaculture basins; b) Physical methods that refer to the protection of the environment, either by physical barriers (e.g., mosquito nets, window screens, etc.) or by changes in the environment (e.g., decrease in the density of copses) to cause a reduction in the vector population; c) Chemical methods which are diverse. They may use larvicides, parietal intra-household spraying, insecticide-treated nets, and space spraying; d) Sanitation which is a set of methods and techniques aimed at improving the overall health of the environment by removing the causes of unhealthy conditions.
