**2. Conjunctivitis**

CoV -2 infection can present with spectrum of clinical manifestations, primary of upper respiratory tract [3] and in some cases, especially in immunocompromised patients can cause changes in lower respiratory tract such as pneumonia

and bronchitis [4]. Conjunctivitis is not a common manifestation of SARS-Cov-2 infection. However it should be kept in mind that patients with ocular manifestations and symptoms can represent the COVID-19 cases [5]. Coronaviruses (CoVs) can produce several ocular manifestations from conjunctivitis, uveitis – anterior and posterior, retinitis and optic neuritis. The data on the topic are sparse and as the epidemic continues more data should be available and better understanding of the disease is to be achieved [6].

The first reports suggesting CoVs affecting the eye dates from year 2004 and 2005 in patients – primary children with respiratory illness and conjunctivitis. Retrospective studies showed that 17% of patients with CoV-NL63 infection with primary upper and lower respiratory tract illnes had developed conjunctivitis [7].

The route of how CoVs ends up in the eye is not yet clear. The possible ways are from infected droplets, migration from the upper respiratory tract through the nasolacrimal duct or hematogenous spread and infection of the lacrimal gland [8, 9]. Most of the data are from the epidemic in 2004 and since the epidemic died down the research did not continue and the questions remained unanswered. The question emerged again the light of the new ongoing epidemic.

In 2020 there has been a report of the first SARS-CoV-2 infected patient with also an ocular infection in Wuhan [10] and it emerged the need to research the topic again [11]. Majority of studies conducted come from China and the first study in Europe was performed by a group of authors from Spain [12]. The frequency of conjunctivitis in COVID-19 disease is not yet specified, with different data from 0.8% in some to 3% in other and up to 31.6% in different studies conducted in China [13–15].

The European, Spanish study showed that 11.6% of the patients diagnosed with COVID 19 presented with some symptoms of conjunctivitis [12].
