**2. Historic evolution of orthotopic urinary diversion**

Three types of urinary diversion have been developed until now: conduit diversion, continent cutaneous diversion and the latest orthotopic diversion (**Figure 1**).

Both ileal and colon conduits present with long term complications such as peristomal hernia, pyelonephritis, stomal stenosis and renal deterioration. Likewise, continent cutaneous diversions relate with malfunction of the efferent continence mechanism and therefore, open surgical revision is often required.

**Figure 1.** *Types of urinary diversion.*

On the contrary, patients with orthotopic neobladder formation are able to void to completion without the need of intermittent catheterization, because the mechanism of continence relies on the rhabdosphincter.
