Types and Categories of Melanoma

**3**

**Figure 1.**

*drug resistance.*

**Chapter 1**

**1. Introduction**

(**Figure 1**).

Introductory Chapter: Melanoma

Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer, often

leading to distal metastasis [1, 2]. Melanoma arises often from transformed melanocytes as a consequence of durable UV radiation. Unprecedented progress in the treatment of advanced melanoma occurred largely through advances in understanding how to target selective genetic mutations in patients with melanoma, and to unleash exiting anti-tumor immune responses [3–5]. While immunotherapy is characterized by induction of durable responses in a limited number of patients, targeted therapy has been characterized by high response rates [4, 5]. The introduction of targeted therapies has considerably improved survival rates in a significant proportion of patients with BRAF-mutant melanomas [6, 7]. However, drug resistance significantly weakens the efficacy of almost all current anticancer therapies [8, 9]. This resistance to therapy is generally driven by intrinsic or acquired tumor mechanisms [10]. Understand underlying mechanisms of resistance is crucial in elaborating novel therapeutic strategies

*Current melanoma therapies. Several therapies are currently used in clinic for the treatment of melanoma patients. Current therapies are based on targeted therapy, immune therapy and combination therapy, consisting on association of both targeted and immune therapies. In addition, alternative therapy. Is used in many cases of* 

and Therapeutic Perspectives

*Karine Cohen Solal and Ahmed Lasfar*
