*4.3.5 Histopathology*

Modified Callenders's classification describes various patterns on histopathology.



2.Pre-metastasizing melanomas, which develop metastatic capability and

This is the largest study ever to be performed in Ocular oncology with 43

1.To evaluate the therapeutic interventions for patients with choroidal

the longer cancer-free survival and better prognosis for vision.

2.To determine which of the two, enucleation or brachytherapy prolongs the lifetime of an individual, and if both have a similar survival, then which offers

• No primary cancer (except noninvasive nonmelanotic skin cancer/CIS cervix)

participating centers and more than 2000 patients [29, 30].

3.Non-metastasizing melanomas, which do not metastasize even if never treated.

disseminate if treatment is delayed.

*4.3.7 Colloborative ocular melanoma study*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93760*

Inclusion and exclusion criteria:

• Ability to give informed consent

• Age 21 years or older

• No metastatic melanoma

• No previous FNAB

• No previous treatment

• No iris/angle involvement

Outcome measures:

**45**

• No contraindication for surgery/RT

• No extrascleral extension of 2 mm or more

• No diffuse, ring or multifocal tumor

• Primary choroidal melanoma in one eye

• Less than 50% involvement of ciliary body

• Ability to return for treatment and scheduled follow-up

• No coexisting disease threatening survival (5 years or longer)

• No use of immunosuppressive therapy that cannot be discontinued

1.Primary outcome: Time to death from all-cause mortality

Objectives of the study:

melanoma

*Ocular Melanoma*

#### **Table 5.**

*The poor prognostic factors include [26].*

The epitheloid cell and the mixed cell melanoma have the poorest prognosis among all the subtypes (**Table 5**). Immunohistochemical markers characteristic of choroidal melanoma are S-100, HMB-45.
