Meet the editor

Dr. Luis Rodrigo, MD, was a Professor of Medicine at the University of Oviedo, Spain. He obtained a Ph.D. in 1975 and has developed a long teaching and research career over 42 years. To date, he has published 704 scientific papers, 422 of which are written in English and the rest in Spanish. He has been the main investigator in 45 clinical trials and has directed 40 doctoral theses. He has published 42 chapters in books on several subjects

and has edited 32 books in his specialty. His areas of interest are celiac disease and Autoimmune diseases, *Helicobacter pylori*, chronic HCV infections, and other types of infectious diseases.

Contents

*by Luis Rodrigo*

*and Juraj Arbanas*

*and Fabio Santos Bottacin*

**Preface III**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 13**

**Chapter 3 29**

**Chapter 4 43**

**Chapter 5 61**

*by Olga Cvijanović Peloza, Sandra Pavičić Žeželj, Gordana Kenđel Jovanović,* 

*Jasna Lulić Drenjak, Gordana Starčević Klasan, Ariana Fužinac Smojver* 

Introductory Chapter: Osteoporosis Overview

Osteoporosis and Dietary Inflammatory Index

*by José Renan Vieira da Costa Júnior and Sérgio Luchini Batista*

*Ivana Pavičić, Ana Terezija Jerbić Radetić, Sanja Zoričić Cvek,* 

*by Di Wu, Anna Cline-Smith, Elena Shashkova and Rajeev Aurora*

Bone Quality of the Dento-Maxillofacial Complex and Osteoporosis.

*by Plauto Christopher Aranha Watanabe, Giovani Antonio Rodrigues,* 

Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis: A Multifactorial Disease

Opportunistic Radiographic Interpretation

*Marcelo Rodrigues Azenha, Michel Campos Ribeiro, Enéas de Almeida Souza Filho, Rafael Angelo Soares Vieira* 

## Contents


Preface

Osteoporosis is a significant social health problem, not only in terms of pain and disability but also in terms of mortality rate. Osteoporosis affects approximately 200 million people worldwide, with nearly 9 million fractures occurring annually.

This disease is defined by a generalized and progressive reduction in both bone mineral and bone matrix, which results in a bone of normal composition but decreased mass. Functionally, osteoporotic bone is characterized by greater fragility and an increased propensity to fracture. Osteoporosis ranks as the most common metabolic bone disease and the most common skeletal disorder in the world. As such, it constitutes a major public health problem. Despite heightened awareness among patients and clinicians alike, and the availability of efficacious anti-osteoporosis

Metabolic syndrome, together with major obesity and diabetes mellitus, is associated with osteoporosis, and all of these conditions have become major global health problems over the last decades. The interaction between obesity and bone metabolism is complex and not fully understood. Several mechanical, biochemical, and hormonal mechanisms have been proposed to explain the association between adipose tissue and bone. Low-grade systemic inflammation is probably harmful to the bone and increased bone marrow adipogenesis may lead to decreased bone mass in obese

A better understanding of the association between adipose and bone tissue may help to identify new molecular therapeutic targets that will promote osteoblastic activity and/or inhibit adipogenesis and osteoclastic activity. An analysis of the medical literature shows clearly that male osteoporosis is underscreened, underdiagnosed, and undertreated, both in primary and secondary prevention of fragility fractures.

In the introductory chapter, Dr. Rodrigo provides an update on the state of the art of

The next chapter describes glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. It examines its

The next chapter examines the relationship between osteoporosis and diet. The authors comment on the role of inflammatory factors in food and they recommend the consumption of an anti-inflammatory diet to treat and prevent osteoporosis.

In the next chapter, the authors describe the diverse factors that can contribute to osteoporosis with an emphasis on the disease's multifactorial nature and therapeutic

The routine study of the dental maxillofacial complex including the performance of panoramic radiological pictures is a good method for detection of osteoporosis in early-stage and helps to stop its progression for the rest of bone structures of the

main characteristics, frequency, and treatment and prevention options.

medications, osteoporosis is still underdiagnosed and undertreated.

individuals.

consequences.

osteoporosis in clinical practice.

body. This is described in the last chapter.
