**Author details**

*Advances in Precision Medicine Oncology*

**12.4 AGR2 antibody in early detection**

grant U01CA111244, DoD W81XWH-16-1-0614.

sumably iAgr2+

tissue). AGR2−

iAGR2<sup>+</sup>

**Acknowledgements**

IgM-to-IgG switch is monitored. Once an adequate antibody titer is measured, syngeneic mouse bladder cancer cells MB49 [86] are implanted *vs*. into control animals without AGR2 immunization. MB49 was derived from DMBA-transformed (pre-

eAgr2 will be determined. If eAgr2 is not detected, we can transfect these cells with our AGR2 plasmid construct (550-bp full length cDNA cloned from prostate cancer

and cell surface AGR2 [81]. Note we do not need to transfect the murine Agr2 gene because the antibodies produced would recognize both human AGR2 and mouse Agr2 as shown for P3A5. We expect that the immunized mice would show no tumor growth. AGR2 vaccination will, in principle, prevent recurrence and metastasis.

Since AGR2 expression is an early event in cancer, AGR2 antibodies could be

pancreatic tumor can be visualized through binding of labeled chimeric P1G4. The antibody might even eradicate the detected tumors through ADCC and CDC. The

We thank our colleagues for their contribution to the research that resulted in this writing. We thank Dr. Eva Corey and the UW Genitourinary Laboratory for help in the establishment of bladder cancer PDX lines and for donating the LuCaP tumors for study. Our research was supported in part by UW CoMotion Fund, NCI

 non-involved lung epithelium would not be detected, and as would AGR2− pancreatic cells. Proposed studies will determine the minimum number of cells in a tumor mass to produce a detectable signal. Given the pg/ml detection levels of our antibodies and the high levels of AGR2 in cancer cells, this potential clinical application is promising. In addition, one could envision a reliable blood test on cancersecreted AGR2 as a means towards cancer detection and disease monitoring.

used in early detection through imaging for example. Small foci of eAGR2+

) bladder epithelial cells of C57BL. Whether these cancer cells express

lung or

LNCaP cells when transfected by this plasmid produced secreted

**110**

Alvin Y. Liu1 \*, Tatjana Crnogorac-Jurcevic3 , James J. Lai4 and Hung-Ming Lam<sup>2</sup>

1 Department of Urology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, USA

2 Department of Urology, University of Washington, USA

3 Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK

4 Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, USA

\*Address all correspondence to: aliu@uw.edu

© 2021 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
