**Conflict of interest**

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

*Advances in Adoptive Cellular Therapy (ACT) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95854*

*Advances in Precision Medicine Oncology*

ments are being discussed below [75]:

**6. Conclusions**

molecules.

success across the globe.

**Acknowledgements**

**Conflict of interest**

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

by angiotensin inhibition.

better enable prediction of TCRs specificity.

possibly MAGE-A1, A8, A9 expressed in human brain. So unfortunately, strategies to enhance TCR affinity to neoantigens on tumor may lead to unanticipated toxicities thus warrants need of improved preclinical testing methods to

Cancer is a multifactorial disease with varieties of treatment options available, depending upon the location, drug delivery and stage of cancer. Optimization of immune response to curb the growth, proliferation and containment of cancer has been chosen in TIL, TCR T cell and CAR T cell therapy. Growing technologies in cell biology are improving the future promises for further breakthroughs in the T cell ACT field. Various future domains, which are being explored for further improve-

a.The TME and other immune escape mechanisms are the challenges to ACT for solid tumors. For this, individualized approaches and strategies combining treatments targeting different immunotherapeutic aspects will be needed in order to expand the applicability and improve the response rates in future.

b.Cross reactivity is seen in antigen specific TCRs, which leads to fatal outcomes,

c.Newer approaches to manage abnormalities of blood vessels and endothelial cells that hinder T cell infiltration into tumors may be tried with inhibitory

d.Scope to make ACT more effective in solid tumors can be tested by reducing high interstitial pressure and dense extracellular matrix of solid tumor tissue

e.Another strategy to enhance the antitumor immunity of infused T cell may be

f. Also, combination of these therapies is providing newer opportunities to personalized immunotherapy due to individual variation in immune response.

In short, advantages versus toxicities of the anti-cancer therapy have to be considered before deciding the treatment modalities. Ultimately, successful implementation of ACT as the clinical program and cost minimization will determine its

Dr. Rajesh Kumar Yadav is a Ramalingaswami Re-entry Fellow and his fellowship

had been awarded by Department of Biotechnology, Government of India.

needs newer platforms for preclinical screening, such as X-scan.

explored through depletion of tumor-associated macrophages.

**132**
