**6. Conclusion**

Autoimmunity is a collection of heterogeneous disorders which is controlled by complex genetic and environmental factors. In GD, the prominent antigen responsible is TSHR and the studies of extra thyroidal TSHR expression in different variety of cell types and immune cells has added to the complexity of the disease and also introduced a variety of potential new mechanisms that may be involved. A common approach of GD is that TSHR-Abs promote the disease by enhancing thyroid antigen expression. Precision medicine's promise is still important in the future. The chapter has personalized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches will encompass both a patient's genomic makeup and their environmental factors.
