**6. The future in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: anti-IgE antibodies and beyond**

In addition to drug repurposing as in anti-IL-4/13, IL-5, and IL-17 antibodies, novel targeted therapy options are currently undergoing clinical trials and will be available in the near future: other anti-IgE antibodies such as UB-221 and Quilizumab, molecules targeting intracellular signaling pathways such as spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors, surface inhibitory molecules such as siglec-8, anti-IL-1s such as canakinumab, Bruton kinase inhibitors such as GDC-0853 and anti-IL-5s

such as benralizumab and mepolizumab [5, 109]. New potential target molecules are going to be proposed as novel treatments and have been rapidly developing.
