**5. Conclusion**

In an elderly patient presenting with acute pain in the distribution of the external carotid artery (e.g., headache, scalp tenderness); PMR; or acute/transient visual loss or diplopia; a possibility of GCA should be considered in one of the differential diagnosis. Urgent laboratory evaluation (e.g., ESR, CRP, platelet count), followed immediately by empiric high-dose corticosteroid therapy is warranted in patients suspected of having GCA. Although ultrasound techniques are sensitive for the diagnosis of GCA, TAB remains the best confirmatory test. Patients with GCA often require long durations of steroid therapy and steroid-related complications are common. Multidisciplinary care and the use of steroid-sparing regimens is warranted in case of relapse.

*Giant-Cell Arteritis*
