**5. Conclusion**

Tissue engineering is a multidisciplinary field that focuses on the development of materials and strategies for tissue reconstruction/regeneration. Recent developments in technology has improved the ways in which engineering of tissues are performed. The main requirement for tissue engineering is the selection of material and technique used for fabrication of scaffold with the given material. However, the advancements in fabrication technology have dramatically improved the amalgamation of biomaterial and cell-based scaffolds. Such drastic improvement in our understanding and implementation of material science along with cell biology has empowered surgeons to approach the challenging regions such as craniofacial sites for reconstructive surgeries.

Innovative and multidisciplinary approaches including advanced materials, nanobiotechnology, cell biology, computer assisted techniques, robotics and tools of artificial intelligence offer huge potential for augmentation of craniomaxillofacial tissue engineering [65]. Such rapid progress in technologies bestows great promise for large scale manufacturing and implementation of these scaffolds for reconstructive surgeries. This would also make the process economic and affordable for clinical applications.
