**1. Introduction**

The human skeleton is made up of 204 articulated bones that perform several essential functions. These bones are the body's backbone, to which muscles and other structures can attach. They also provide a protective function for certain organs, such as those located in the rib cage (heart, lungs, etc.) and facilitate movement. Bones are also involved in the formation of blood cells, the metabolism of calcium and the storage of minerals. The objective of this work is to provide an overview of the bibliography relating to human bone tissue: its structure and composition, its histology and its mechanical behavior at different scales.

#### **2. Bone structure**

#### **2.1 Functions**

Bone tissue is one of the strongest tissues in the body. It is also a dynamic fabric, constantly remodeled, capable of adapting its density to the stress to minimize stress in the most stressed areas. In addition to this mechanical function of supporting the body and protecting the organs, the skeleton has two other main functions.

	- Red blood cells or red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to cells throughout the body and thus allow them to function.
	- White blood cells or leucocytes are of different types (polynuclear cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, etc.) and are responsible for the body's defense against infections.
	- Platelets are small elements that have the essential role of initiating blood clotting in the event of a wound.
