Preface

Special Considerations in Human Airway Management is an important reference book that is easily navigated and readily available whenever a conceptual gap compromises the reader's airway management knowledge. This book is beneficial for both new trainees and senior staff who are working in the field of airway management.

In combination, knowledge and technology have the immense power to improve healthcare services. This is achieved by excellent use of the best technology for managing medical diseases and the treatment of patients. This book covers both basic and advanced topics and includes an evidence-based scientific background that is designed to help the user apply theoretical knowledge to actual patient situations.

While we did our best to prevent any misinformation and errors, we urge our readers to inform us of any mistakes, including spelling or contextual errors. We also advise that this book is not meant to replace professional or expert guidance and consultation.

Producing an educational resource of this size and complexity would not be possible without the tireless effort of our authors and a broad array of experts. We want to express our gratitude to the staff at IntechOpen who worked tirelessly to produce this book.

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Mr. Abil Luez, who assisted in capturing most of the book's images. A special thanks to the Department of Anaesthesia, ICU and Perioperative Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, and departmental leaders (Drs. Mohamed Hilani, Yasser Hammad, and Mashael Al-Khelaifi) for their tireless support, encouragement, and guidance.

Finally, I would like to dedicate this book to my father and my mother who have taught me over the years and allowed me to succeed, my wife for her support, and my children for their smiles, which keep me going.

Happy reading!

**II**

**Chapter 9 153**

**Chapter 10 181**

**Chapter 11 193**

**Chapter 12 217**

**Chapter 13 229**

**Chapter 14 249**

**Chapter 15 285**

An Approach to the Airway Management in Children with Craniofacial

*by Brahim Boudjenah, Al Moataz Billah Adham, Surendra M. Chinnappa,* 

Anomalies

*by Preethi Reddy*

*by Tatjana Goranović*

*by Kriti Singh*

Airway Situations

*Omed Assaf and Mashael Al-Khelaifi*

Airway Management during Pregnancy and Labor

Challenges to Airway Management in Space

*by Kemal Tolga Saracoglu, Gul Cakmak and Ayten Saracoglu*

Airway Management in Aviation, Space, and Microgravity *by Mohamed Abdelwahab Elarref, Mogahed Ismail Hassan Hussein,* 

Videolaryngoscopy, the Current Role in Airway Management

Management of New Special Devices for Intubation in Difficult

*María Ángeles Santiago Triviño and Natalia Durán Caballero*

Second Generation Supraglottic Airway (SGA) Devices

*by Demetrio Pérez-Civantos, Alicia Muñoz-Cantero, Francisco Fuentes Morillas, Pablo Nieto Sánchez,* 

*Muhammad Jaffar Khan and Noran Mohamed Elarif*

**Dr. Nabil A. Shallik** Hamad Medical Corporation, Tanta Faculty of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

**Chapter 1**

**Abstract**

Airway Management in COVID-19

*Shakeel Moideen and Mashael Abdulrahman M.S. Al Khelaifi*

2020 has seen the whole world battling a pandemic. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets when in close contact with an infected person, by direct contact, or by contact with contaminated objects and surfaces. Aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) like intubation have a high chance of generating large concentrations of infectious aerosols. AGPs potentially put healthcare workers at an increased risk of contracting the infection, and therefore special precautions are necessary during intubation. The procedure has to be performed by an expert operator who uses appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE). Modifications of known techniques have helped to reduce the chances of contracting the infection from patients. The use of checklists has become standard safe practice. This chapter looks at the current knowledge we have regarding this illness and how we should modify our practice to make managing the airway both safer for the patient and the healthcare workers involved. It addresses the preparation, staff protection, technical aspects and aftercare of patients who need airway intervention. It recommends simulation training to familiarize staff

**Keywords:** coronavirus, airway management, intubation, covid 19, novel virus,

The current outbreak of the novel coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 – SARS CoV-2) (COVID-19) was first reported as a cluster of pneumonia cases on Dec 31st, 2019 from Wuhan, Hubei province, China. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) on Jan 30th, 2020, and on March 11th,

We know that COVID-19 is primarily spread through respiratory droplets when in close contact with an infected person, or by contact with contaminated objects and surfaces. This puts healthcare workers attending to an infective patient at risk of contracting the illness, and airway management, being an AGP, would be the riskiest of all interventions. AGPs like intubation have a high chance of generating large concentrations of infectious aerosols. Therefore, special precautions are necessary during intubation. The procedure has to be performed by an expert operator

2020 WHO characterized the spread of coronavirus as a pandemic.

as Aerosol Generating Procedure

*Nabil A. Shallik, Muhammad Firas Khader Alhammad,*

*Yasser Mahmoud Hammad Ali Hammad, Elfert Amr,*

with modifications to routine airway management.

aerosol generating procedures

**1. Introduction**

**1**
