**11. Conclusions**

*Special Considerations in Human Airway Management*

**Laryngoscope**, etc. (**Figure 4**).

**10.6 Tube selection**

of the bevel (**Figure 5**).

with fiber-optic bronchoscope intubation [50–52]. Regular practice is required to ensure that the improved view translates reliably into successful tracheal intubation. All intensivists, anesthetists and emergency practitioners should be trained to use VAL, and have immediate access to, a video-laryngoscope [16–21]. There are available several other interesting models of VAL as **GlideScope Video Laryngoscope, C-Mac Video Laryngoscope, Pentax Airway Scope, McGrath Video Laryngoscope, AirTraq Optical Laryngoscope, King Vision** 

Endotracheal tubes should be selected according to the nature of the surgical procedure, age and body weight, but their size, composition material, length, etc. can influence the ease of intubation. A smaller tube usually is easier to be inserted because of a better view of the laryngeal inlet during the passage of the tube between the cords. Smaller tubes are less likely to cause trauma [53]. 'Hold-up' at the arytenoids is a feature of the left-facing bevel of most tracheal tubes and can occur whilst railroading larger tubes over a bougie, stylet, or fibrescope [54]. This problem can be solved by rotating the tube anticlockwise to change the orientation

*Different laryngoscopes. From left to right: Traditional Macintosh, McGrath Videolaryngoscope and Airtraq* 

**300**

**Figure 5.**

**Figure 4.**

*Videolaryngospe.*

*Single-use fiberoptic bronchoscope.*

Intubation, the approach to a DA and the management of the different aspects of the human airway is an intrinsic domain that is supposed to be mastered by the anesthesiologist, the intensivist and the emergency physician, since all of them can face any difficult situation and life-threatening situation involving the airway.

It is also of utmost importance to have an experienced and rehearsed team, as well as a revised and well-equipped mobile chart with all the necessary material to successfully face any potentially threatening situation related to airway management. Knowing and practising under a well-coordinated guide or protocol is the best way to overcome any potential airway life-threatening situation.

We have updated and compiled relevant information on how to manage a DA crisis knowing the best available possibilities to prevail in such problematic situations.
