**Author details**

*Bioactive Compounds - Biosynthesis, Characterization and Applications*

accompany with the down-regulation of ASS1 expression which may leads the complete auxotrophic and mitigation of cancer cell migration [67]. The migration dependent on arginine requires optimum arginine to be catabolized two specific major enzymes nitric oxide synthase and arginase1 and produced citrulline and NO [68]. This increased level of promotes the cell viability, proliferation and migration during the process of wound healing [69]. Higher level of NO also activates signaling of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) cascade, which take parts in integrin assembly and disassembly as shown in **Figure 8**. Less arginine degradation to NO during wound healing showed a decrease in migration of colorectal cancer cells and added citrulline restored cell migration [70]. This higher nitric oxide synthase activity was recorded in intestinal epithelial cells in the presence of arginine and citrulline and NO production, which directly stimulate the cell migration [71]. The impact of arginine limitation and role of FAK was noticed when a study done on human intestinal epithelial cells which showed a significant role of NO production and cell migration [72]. Similar to this, other enzyme such as ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) used in polyamine biosynthesis

also play important role in cell migration where polyamines increase the K+

in the RhoA activation in pancreatic cancer cells [76].

mediated Ca2+ influx and support to FAK activation [73]. The inhibition of ODC enzymes was majorly correlated with abnormal morphology of actin-cytoskeleton of metastatic cells migration [74]. Other signals including PI3K, Rho GTPases, microtubules and integrins always found to be interlinked and positive play important role in cell polarity by regulating intracellular junctions, cell adhesion, invasion and migration [75]. Arginine depletion also hamper the RhoA activation in colorectal cancer cells and during a report, the increased level of NO was majorly found to be involved

Several cancerous cells exhibited a higher metabolic requirement for specific amino acids to meet their rapid growth and migration. Therefore, specific amino

channel

**162**

**10. Conclusion**

**Figure 8.**

*Migration and proliferation of cancer.*

Kapil Singh Narayan1 \* and Reenu Kashyap2

1 New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA

2 Dairy Microbiology Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India

\*Address all correspondence to: kapilnsnk@gmail.com

© 2021 The Author(s). Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
