**3. Conclusion**

Phenolic compounds are widely found in plants with many functions and some act as defense elements against herbivores and pathogens. There are number of vegetables and fruits that contain PCs. They are classified in a range of groups according to their structure. The biosynthesis pathway explained its metabolism in plants which are beneficial to us in many ways. The recent studies show different new technics to extract phenolic compounds and studies are still under observation in prevention of many diseases. Its variations give them diverse characteristics, which helps to prevents many chronic and lifestyle disorders, like antioxidant activity, antiseptic properties, anti-diabetic activity, anti-aging, *Alzheimer's Disease*, anti-obesity, improves cardiac activity etc. Many studies were conducted to show an essential and effective antioxidant power of phenolic compounds and extracts, considering their bioavailability and bio-efficacy of phenolic compounds, which could influence the antioxidant power response, that are necessary to improve the health and well-being of people directly or indirectly. The large number of publications available on phenolic compound research and their extraction from plants over the past decade gives signifies the importance of this chapter.

**235**

*Phenolic Compounds*

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96740*

**Acronyms and abbreviations**

CAT catalase

C-C Carbon Carbon

GC Guanine-cytosine

GPx glutathione peroxidase

PABA para-aminobenzoic acid PAL phenylalanine ammonia lyase

PC phenolic compound PCR polymerase chain reaction PH potential of hydrogen

PR pathogenesis-related QTL Quantitative trait locus RNS reactive nitrogen species

ROS Reactive oxygen

% percentage

GHz Gigahertz

kHz kilohertz

OH Hydroxy

MPa megapascal

AD Alzheimer's Disease

ATP Adenosine triphosphate BAC Bio-affinity chromatography

CVD cardiovascular diseases C4H cinnamic acid 4- hydroxylase cDNA Complementary DNA DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid

AMPK adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase

EPSP 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase

GFC Gel filtration or size exclusion chromatography

NADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

NF-κB nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells

FPLC fast protein liquid chromatography

HHDP 3,4,5,3′,4′,5′-hexahydroxydiphenoyl HIC Hydrophobic interaction chromatography HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography

IEC Ion exchange chromatography

MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinases

PMSF phenylmethyl sulphonylfluoride

SAR systemic acquired resistance SOD superoxide dismutase T2D Type 2 diabetes UV Ultra violet

4CL 4-coumarate-CoA ligase

(w/v) concentration of solution
