**Acronyms and abbreviations**

*Bioactive Compounds - Biosynthesis, Characterization and Applications*

It is particularly susceptible due to high concentration of free radicals without appropriate levels of anti-oxidation. In elderly people, the pathogenesis of dementia or AD shows oxidative stress. The study on walnuts shows that polyphenolic compounds helps to release the oxidant and decrease the inflammatory signs on the brain cells. It also repairs, the increased neurogenesis, inter-neuronal signaling, upgrade isolation of insoluble toxic protein accumulates, that play a role in preventing AD. Thus, by decreasing the oxidant stress and acetylcholinesterase that may

A huge amount of fruits and vegetables in our diet had shown, a decrease risk of human cancers such as breast cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer and prostate cancer. It is revealed that flavonoids are of special attraction and bioactive compounds in plant providing defensing effects. A study shows that in mice, it provides protection against cancer of skin which are caused through ultraviolet radiation or chemical carcinogens by consumption of tea and its polyphenolic

Plant PC provide a means for preventing the side effects that fungal toxins (mycotoxins) and also serving in detoxification [41]. Many of the volatile PCs, such as the main PC of cloves i.e. eugenol (a hydroxyphenyl propene), or a typical component of oregano i.e. carvacrol (phenolic terpene), curcuminoids or Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) are which found only in the rhizomes of *Curcuma longa* [turmeric] are achieved. Curcumin as we all known plays an important role of various illnesses from cancer to autoimmune, neurological, cardiovascular, and diabetic etc.

Phenolic compounds are widely found in plants with many functions and some act as defense elements against herbivores and pathogens. There are number of vegetables and fruits that contain PCs. They are classified in a range of groups according to their structure. The biosynthesis pathway explained its metabolism in plants which are beneficial to us in many ways. The recent studies show different new technics to extract phenolic compounds and studies are still under observation in prevention of many diseases. Its variations give them diverse characteristics, which helps to prevents many chronic and lifestyle disorders, like antioxidant activity, antiseptic properties, anti-diabetic activity, anti-aging, *Alzheimer's Disease*, anti-obesity, improves cardiac activity etc. Many studies were conducted to show an essential and effective antioxidant power of phenolic compounds and extracts, considering their bioavailability and bio-efficacy of phenolic compounds, which could influence the antioxidant power response, that are necessary to improve the health and well-being of people directly or indirectly. The large number of publications available on phenolic compound research and their extraction from plants over the past decade gives signifies the importance of

in the form of preventing and treating diseases [33, 42–45].

*2.7.7 Protective action on Alzheimer's disease*

protect or prevent against AD [4, 38].

*2.7.8 Anti- cancer activity*

constituents [39–43].

*2.7.9 Miscellaneous*

**3. Conclusion**

**234**

this chapter.


*Bioactive Compounds - Biosynthesis, Characterization and Applications*
