Meet the editors

Professor Sadia Ameen obtained a Ph.D. in Chemistry in 2008. Presently she is working as an assistant professor in the Department of Bio-Convergence Science, Jeongeup Campus, Jeonbuk National University, Republic of Korea. Her current research focuses on dye-sensitized solar cells, perovskite solar cells, organic solar cells, sensors, catalysts, and optoelectronic devices. She specializes in innovative energy materials and the manufacture

of nanocomposites. She received a gold medal in academics and a merit scholarship for her outstanding academic achievements. She is also a recipient of the Best Researcher Award. She has authored or co-authored more than 120 peer-reviewed papers in the fields of solar cells, catalysts, and sensors as well as book chapters and edited books.

Professor M. Shaheer Akhtar obtained a Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering, from Jeonbuk National University, Republic of Korea, in 2008. Presently, he is an associate professor at the same university. His research interests include photo-electrochemical characterizations of thin-film semiconductor nanomaterials, composite materials, polymer-based solid-state films, solid polymer electrolytes, and electrode materials for dye-sensitized solar cells

(DSSCs), hybrid organic-inorganic solar cells, small molecule-based organic solar cells, and photocatalytic reactions.

Professor Hyung-Shik Shin received Ph.D. in the kinetics of initial oxidation Al (111) surface from Cornell University, USA, in 1984. He is an Emeritus Professor in the School of Chemical Engineering, Jeonbuk National University and also the President of Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejon, Republic of Korea. He has been a promising researcher and visited several universities as visiting professor/invited

speaker worldwide. He is an active executive member of various renowned scientific committees such as KiChE, copyright protection, KAERI, etc. He has extensive experience in electrochemistry, renewable energy sources, solar cells, organic solar cells, charge transport properties of organic semiconductors, inorganic-organic solar cells, biosensors, chemical sensors, nano-patterning of thin-film materials, and photocatalytic degradation.

Contents

*by Sadia Ameen*

*Koushlesh Mishra and Pankaj Kashyap*

*and Zikhona Njengele-Tetyana*

Nanoparticles from Agro Wastes

via Negative Depletion

*and Rodrigo Martins*

Nanoporous Metallic Films

*by Swastic and Jegatha Nambi Krishnan*

Biosensors: Design, Development and Applications *by Phumlani Tetyana, Poslet Morgan Shumbula* 

*by Lekan Taofeek Popoola and Alhaji Shehu Grema*

Method for Energy Harvesting Applications

**Preface XI**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 7**

**Chapter 3 23**

**Chapter 4 43**

**Chapter 5 61**

**Chapter 6 79**

**Chapter 7 99**

Introductory Chapter: Progress in Nanoporous Materials - An Introduction

Potential Application of Nanoporous Materials in Biomedical Field *by Saraswati Prasad Mishra, Shweta Dutta, Anil Kumar Sahu,* 

Plasmonic Nanopores: Optofluidic Separation of Nano-Bioparticles

*by Xiangchao Zhu, Ahmet Cicek, Yixiang Li and Ahmet Ali Yanik*

Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Industrial Wastewater Using

*by Sofia Henriques Ferreira, Ana Rovisco, Andreia dos Santos, Hugo Águas, Rui Igreja, Pedro Barquinha, Elvira Fortunato* 

Porous ZnO Nanostructures Synthesized by Microwave Hydrothermal

## Contents


#### **Chapter 8 115**

Nanoporous Carbon Materials toward Phenolic Compounds Adsorption *by Mahmoud Fathy Mubarak, Alshimaa Maher Ahmed and Sahar saad Gabr*

#### **Chapter 9 143**

Graphene Nanopores *by Per A. Löthman*

Preface

The field of nanoporous materials has advanced significantly over the last two decades. Nanoporous materials have a porous structure and are made up of a typical organic or inorganic bulk phase. Pores in nanoporous materials typically have a diameter of 100 nanometers or less. Thermal stability, chemical resistance, hardness, huge surface area, electron transport, conductance, and impedance are just a few of the physical and chemical features of nanoporous materials. The research community has been particularly interested in organic, inorganic, and hybrid porous materials over the last decade, owing to their wide range of promising applications in areas as diverse as (nano)filtration, separation techniques, heterogeneous supported catalysis, biomedical applications, template-assisted synthesis of nanomaterials, materials for phonic and thermic isolation, and

This book presents the latest research on nanopores and nanoporous materials.

It provides the current state of nanopores technology as well as recent advances in their production, characterization, and application. The chapters present elegant approaches to functional nanoporous materials as well as their scope and limitations. Also discussed are important discoveries in the synthesis of nanoporous materials, ranging from soft porous materials to hard porous materials like porous metals and metal oxides, as well as significant advances in their applications to date. This book is a wonderful working resource for industrial scientists and engineers who want to take their knowledge of this unusual material to the next level and use it to drive technological innovation. Furthermore, it is a useful reference for academic researchers and graduate students working in the domains of biomass conversion, catalysis, materials science, green and sustainable chemistry, and chemical/process engineering. The goal of this book is to highlight the importance, functioning, and usability of nanoporous materials, as well as to encourage young and inquisitive minds to get involved in this field. We made every effort to incorporate as many relevant details as possible in this book, and we would like to express our gratitude to all of the authors who contributed significantly to it through their knowledge, efforts, and time. We also want to express our gratitude to IntechOpen for their

**Sadia Ameen**

Republic of Korea

Advanced Science Campus, Jeonbuk National University,

Advanced Materials and Devices Laboratory, Department of Bio-Convergence Science,

patterned nanomaterials for microelectronics and photovoltaics.

assistance in publishing and bringing this book to life.
