**Abstract**

In recent years, with the growing concern on energy crises, the development of new products from sustainable resources have been received much greater consideration owing to the environmental concerns caused by the rapid reduction of nonrenewable fossil resources. The widespread utilization of polymeric materials led to a considerable increase in fire risk in our daily life due to their flammable behavior. Hence, the flame-retardant properties of polymeric materials are considered as one of the most significant criteria to use them in wide range of industrial applications. It is well known that mostly halogenated flame retardant materials are widely used for flame retardant applications. However, they release toxic gases and corrosive smoke during combustion, and consequently they contribute to serious environmental pollution. In this connection, in the present chapter we discussed the different types of non-halogen based environmentally friendly bio-based polybenzoxazine matrices developed from renewable and sustainable bio-phenolic materials viz., cardanol, eugenol, guiacol and etc., and the composites obtained by reinforcing with varying weight percentages of flame resistant reinforcements/ additives and their flame retardant properties obtained from different analytical techniques.

**Keywords:** Bio-phenols, sustainable polybenzoxazine, bio-based composites, flame retardancy, halogen free benzoxazine composites
