**2. Need of intelligent user interfaces**

Explosive materials availability and use in different sectors like national, international and global information extraction and exchange platform. Available present facilities or devices are not enough for futuristic use.

To provide solutions to such situations development of Intelligent User Interfaces are a must. Such Interfaces may include technological concepts like


iv.Internet of Things (IOT) compatible devices etc.

These factors have motivated the users of different levels to utilize the Multimedia facilities towards the interface development to the challenges due to the complexities in connectivity like telephone network, wireless and satellite communications. Multimedia solutions are a part of the solutions to such problems. Such efforts are supported by the improved microprocessor and storage facilities available now. Such device development may be included in all applications through different WIMP (windows, icons, menus, and pointing) interfaces [6]. It was realized that the real world problem can be better solved by providing Intelligent Interfaces.

Lot of research activities are being carried out and are also presently getting improved due to the dynamic growth of requirements both by human being and machine providing services to mankind in the field of Human Computer Interaction. Techniques embedded with Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in the physical devices leads towards the design and development of Intelligent User Interfaces. The Interfaces should be adaptive and adaptable to be intelligent [6, 7].

With respect to implicit Human Computer Interface development in anticipation to the behavior of the user the context expected to be developed the interfaces are to be designed. Most importantly the sensor output based interactions and context dependency can be solved for the purpose using Machine Learning Techniques as well as rule based systems. Thus the sensor based output interpretation and its generic user based modelling to use at large and in particular are challenges for the Intelligent User Interface users as their requirement is dynamic and sources of knowledge in streaming a type of Big Data. It also takes care of emotions of the user and acts accordingly. Context based factors are user based factors like and depends on Physical Environment like location, infrastructure and Human factors like user, social environment. Some of the Interfaces developed by the author in Indian Languages may be discussed here.

Any situation which deals with user and its action and provides output in the form of action which is proactive and functions with prior and appropriate anticipation of the result towards the user need is like motion detector in door opener and locker, beginning of an escalator or conveyor belt, smart communication devices like smart mobiles or tablets which changes it operational conveniences while moving in railway stations, shopping malls long corridors which enables user to pass through being unmindful towards the path. Making on and off of the rooms and room air-conditioners and adjusting the temperature inside the room may be a conference room even is the required setups which needs intelligence interfaces.

It is quite important to find the relationships between the intelligence in a system and the user interaction, which is called the intelligent processing found in the user interface(s) of the system. Such a system should meet the conditions namely effective, natural, or otherwise appropriate interaction of users with the system [8]. Here mainly the system helps the user with pseudo human communication system like speech, gesture or any other form of communication like human beings. Here the interfaces function like an intelligent human being to assist the user to function as per his/her will. This supports the interaction system like human to human interaction with the specially developed system with intelligent interfaces.

Further to say that implicit human computer interaction is an important aspect towards the development of Intelligent Interfaces. The most complex factor which is cognition oriented is computing the human behavior like recognition, interpretation, modelling processing and synthesis of human affects the emotions. Recognized human computer interaction can help in developing effective Intelligent Interfaces. Emotion is of great importance while developing Intelligent User Interfaces as use of those purely depends on the emotions of the users.

Different types of emotions are described by different scientists in due course. Some of those are mentioned below for reference.

Under discrete model Ekman's Model is well established in treating emotions in terms of discrete and different construct for the analysis of emotion. As per Paul Ekman Model there are seven basic emotions namely Happiness, Sadness, Fear, Disgust, Anger, Contempt and Surprise.

Under Dimensional Model emotions are described mostly through Russel's Model and Plutchik's Model.

i.Russel's Model by James A Russell describes in two dimensional circular space like arousal and valence with as much as twenty-eight types of emotion having five major classes namely Happy, Relaxed, Sad, Angry and Normal.

*Indian Language Compatible Intelligent User Interfaces DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98525*

ii. Plutchik's Model by Robert Plutchik [9] has eight standard models described as an extension of Russel's Model where the eight emotions are anger, anticipation, joy, trust, fear, surprise, sadness and disgust (**Figures 4** and **5**).

Pultchik's Wheel of Emotion is described as the wheel of emotion classification and have eight types of resultant emotions. To identify the exact emotion of the user to work accordingly is a sensitive issue.

It is quite important to find the relationships between the intelligence in a system and the user interaction, which is called the intelligent processing is found in the user interface(s) of the system. Such a system should meet the conditions namely effective, natural, or otherwise appropriate interaction of users with the system. Sine here mainly the system helps with human like communication system like speech, gesture or any other form of communication like human beings. Here the interfaces function like an intelligent human being to assist the user to function as per his/her will. This supports the interaction system like human to human interaction with the specially developed system with intelligent interfaces.

Intelligent user Interface systems should have mainly the following criteria like: recommender systems, products, documents, or any other consequential follow-up action. This involves intelligent technology to support information retrieval, appropriate learning environments with learning assistance interface agent with capacity to monitor a situation intelligently assessing the situation and acts for the user of the system using the knowledgebase created with the domain. The main factor of Intelligent Interfaces is the cognition and the agent has to act and react as per the emotions embedded into the need of the user.
