**Abstract**

This chapter is intended to provide an overview of the Intelligent User Interfaces subject. The outline includes the basic concepts and terminology, a review of current technologies and recent developments in the field, common architectures used for the design of IUI systems, and finally the IUI applications. Intelligent user interfaces (IUIs) are attempting to address human-computer connection issues by offering innovative communication approaches and by listening to the user. Virtual reality is also an emerging IUI area that can be the popular interface of the future by integrating the technology into the environment so that at the same time it can be more real and invisible. The ultimate computer interface is more like interacting with the computer in a dialog, an interactive environment of virtual reality in which you can communicate. This chapter also explores a methodology for the design of situation-aware frameworks for the user interface that utilizes user and context inputs to provide details customized to the activities of the user in particular circumstances. In order to comply to the new situation, the user interface will reconfigure itself automatically. Adjusting the user interface to the actual situation and providing a reusable list of tasks in a given situation decreases operator memory loads. The challenge of pulling together the details needed by situation-aware decision support systems in a way that minimizes cognitive workload is not addressed by current user interface design.

**Keywords:** Intelligent User Interfaces (IUIs), Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), Graphical User Interfaces (GUI), Ubiquitous Computing (Ubicomp), User-Centered Design (UCD)

## **1. Introduction**

The methods by which people have interacted with computers have made great strides. The journey continues and new designs of systems and technologies emerge more each day, and in the last few decades, research in this field has expanded quite rapidly. Artificial intelligence tries to simulate human abilities with the help of machines. This challenge, launched at the famous Dartmouth conference in 1956, has attracted a great deal of interest and effort from the research community over the last 50 years. While the community has not been able to accomplish the euphoric expectations presented at that conference even after so many years, a good number of accomplishments were achieved in this simulation of human capabilities with computers, embracing the progression of the artificial intelligence field.

One of the cornerstones of simulating human abilities, without any doubt, is communication. Communication between humans, between machines, or between humans and machines can be realized in this scenario. In communication theory, communication between humans has indeed been studied for several years, communication between machines is still currently a major topic in conferences, with a peculiar focus on ontologies and communication acts. Finally, in the Human-Computer Interaction discipline, communication between humans and machines is being studied. The design, implementation and assessment of user interfaces are discussed in this discipline.

From the first command-based user interfaces to the most advanced graphical ones, the brief, but extremely active, history of computer science has witnessed a real revolution in user interfaces. The computational balance is now leaning towards interaction, cultivating an increasing interest in user interfaces. At the same time, the growing power and sophistication of user interfaces is encouraging the creation of techniques and modalities of interaction closer to human beings' cognitive models. In the pursuit of these goals, several different artificial intelligence methods have been incorporated into user interfaces over the last fifty years to provide a more natural and efficient interaction between humans and computers.

One of the key parts of an application is the user interface. If it is designed correctly, when communicating with the computer, the user may feel relaxed. On the other hand, if an application is capable of performing the tasks for which it was intended, the application would still not be acceptable to users unless it is capable of interacting in an intelligible and functional way with the user. There is a real interest in enhancing communication between the user and the machine within the Human-Computer Interaction group, recognized by the large number of researchers dedicated to the study of techniques intended to improve usability [1] in a user interface.

The Human Computer Interaction research group is looking for how to enhance the user's feeling from the user interface in the quest to build user interfaces with a high degree of usability. One main problem to be tackled in this pursuit is to make the interaction even more natural. This growing interest in making interaction even more natural means raising the standard of communication between humans and machines. The fundamental concepts of natural interaction have led to the exploration and implementation of a large number of techniques in interaction design coming from Artificial Intelligence, enabling, among many other things, more detailed responses to the actions of users. The term Intelligent User Interfaces have been created by this integration of Artificial Intelligence techniques within Human-Interaction Techniques, where this work is immersed.

The framework for the design of situation-aware interfaces are also covered in this chapter, in such a way that input information (context and environmental indications) can be specifically taken into consideration in the task specification [2]. It is believed that the designer adds abstract UI components to the task model to improve a concrete user interface (UI). This information is platform-independent, so that this information can ultimately be used by the rendering back-end to build a specific UI for different platforms. The next phase includes developing the model for dialogue. In order to simplify the work of designers, designers can be helped by automatically creating the state and transformations between the different individual dialogues. The method provides an algorithm to measure the various dialogues and transformations from the mission definition between dialogues. These transformations can be modified, incorporated or omitted by designers according to the outcome of a previous testing stage or the expertise of the designers. This allows situation-aware UI programmers to exploit transformations caused by changes in the situation. Therefore, programmers have power over the effect of the condition on the UIs' usability. In [3] research focuses on developing experiences of visual context-aware services by integrating approaches from computer vision and artificial intelligence. It has close connections to the field of intelligent user interfaces.

*Introduction to Intelligent User Interfaces (IUIs) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97789*

The touchscreen keyboard is the most prevalent intelligent user interface on modern cell phones, and it is vital for mobile communication. Working to develop smarter, more effective, easy-to-learn, and enjoyable-to-use keyboards has raised a slew of intriguing IUI interface and research questions [4]. The progress and open research questions over the last decade in text input, emphasis on and directly dealt with through publications, including robotics and estimation cost-benefit equations [5], the significance of human performance models in the creation of error-correction algorithms and the potential of machine/statistical intelligence [6–11], the ramifications of spatial scaling from a phone to a watch on human-machine labour separation, consumer behaviour and learning creativity, and the complexities of assessing the longitudinal impact of personalization and adaptation are discussed in [12–17]. The aim of this study is to show that intelligent user interfaces, or the integration of artificial intelligence and human factors, are the future of humancomputer interaction and information technology in general.

By varying decision factors' forms, numbers, and values, this article [18] provides a mechanism for adaptive, measurable decision making for Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM). This research can be used to help designers create intelligent user interfaces for HCI decision-making applications that respond to user experience and decision-making efficiency. In [19], a Genetic Programming-based technology is proposed for automating crucial design phases. Designers can specify simple content elements and ways to merge them in this method, which will then be automatically composed and checked with actual users by a genetic algorithm to find optimal compositions.
