*2.2.2 Structural-visual method in linguistics*

For most people instead of a speech mechanism a translation mechanism works introduced by the school approach to language learning, which is physiologically a different process, the opposite of language. To start the speech mechanism, you need to create a database of sound images, speech-motor images and direct connections of these images with meanings.

The translation mechanism prevents the creation of such links and leads to the formation of links between the signs of one and another language. Therefore, after school experience even in non-translation courses on the communicative method or when using programs like "Rosetta stone" most students choose their usual translation strategy. At the same time, acts of thinking and understanding are performed in the native language, and externally language actions (listening, speaking, and communication) in the target language.

Teachers do not yet have the tools to identify, measure, and change the type of mental process, and to find out what process is actually going on. And it is almost impossible to explain these subtleties to the student in order to obtain self-esteem, especially since these processes are unconscious and do not lend themselves to conscious regulation. The relations between processes in reality, sensory and motor processes in the psyche and language are extremely difficult to explain and poorly understood, and have long been the subject of disputes and disagreements between various sciences and scientific directions. Therefore, consciously explaining to the student what, how and why he needs to do is not a solution to the problem. As a result, the habit of the student, developed earlier in the course of a long experience of studying at school or other institutions, still takes over.

Psycholinguistic studies have shown that the use of grammatical rules for planning and controlling utterances slows down speech activity [3], since the same areas of the brain and mental processes that are needed for understanding or producing speech are involved in operating with the rules.
