**7. Conclusion**

This chapter highlights the importance of anode electrode for MFCs. The anode electrodes are considered as a main fragment of MFCs approach and for survival of

### *Energy Storage Battery Systems - Fundamentals and Applications*

the biocatalyst such as microbial communities. For anode electrode development, the important growth is microbial attachment which is usually referred to as biofilm development. Substantial energies have been engrossed to raise the electrode surface area and conductivity. The high-tech electrode materials lead to the high biofilm densities. Additionally, there is still a lack of mechanism for proper development of the advanced anodes. Electrode materials are essentially very constant in the wastewater atmosphere in the MFCs process for long-term. The highly conductive materials such as graphene derivatives, metal oxides composite which can be used as anode electrode for better electrochemical performance of MFCs. Currently, the anode materials cost problem and indistinct mechanism of modification delays the modification approach in MFCs. Hence, cost effective, proper availability of materials and effective approaches for metal, or polymers nanocomposite or carbon-based type anode electrodes should be familiarized to implement MFCs applications.
