**4. Conclusion**

*Mycorrhizal Fungi - Utilization in Agriculture and Forestry*

**agriculture at adverse conditions**

1.Mycorrhizal inoculation to increase root and shoot growth

a.Adjustment of nursery shade for colonization activities

2.Preparation of a nursery that supports the symbiosis of AMF with plants

b.Setting the temperature of the media and nursery room for colonization

Mycorrhizal inoculation in plantation crops aims to promote good early growth and tolerate environmental stresses. A report shown that AMF inoculated seedlings

*The structure of arbuscules and vesicles and hyphae formed at the roots of plants infected with mycorrhizae.* 

c.Regulation of nutrient content, especially soil P, it should not excess.

**3. Transplanting mycorrhizae inoculated seedlings for sustainable** 

**64**

**Figure 4.**

*Field observations.*

AMF inoculation on seedlings is increased the root and shoot growth as well as increased the colonization. The nursery location is adapted for AMF growth and symbiosis. Plants infected with mycorrhizae had better growth (roots and shoots) ability after transplanting the seedlings. Besides that, it can reduce nutrient loss and maintain soil fertility so that it is an effort to mitigate climate change.

### **Acknowledgements**

This work was supported by a grant from the Institute of research and community service, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (LPPM) Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia (UGM/396/LIT/2014). Authors thank for Prof. Dr. Prapto Yudono, Prof. Dr. Irham. Assesment Institute for Agricultural Technology of North Maluku (DIPA 2018)-Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development-Ministry of Agriculture. Authors thank for Dr. Andriko Noto Susanto, Dr. Bram Brahmantiyo and Dr. Abdul Wahab for the research facility.

#### **Conflict of interest**

I declare that I have no conflict of interest as an author on the financial and intellectual processes of the entire manuscript.
