**3. Transplanting mycorrhizae inoculated seedlings for sustainable agriculture at adverse conditions**

Mycorrhizal inoculation in plantation crops aims to promote good early growth and tolerate environmental stresses. A report shown that AMF inoculated seedlings

#### **Figure 4.**

*The structure of arbuscules and vesicles and hyphae formed at the roots of plants infected with mycorrhizae. Field observations.*

**65**

*The Role of Mycorrhizae on Seedlings and Early Growth of Sugarcane*

were then transplanted had increased leaf nitrate reductase activity (NRA) and root

The increase in colonization with the formation of arbuscules and vesicles in early plant growth indicated that the symbiosis was optimal (**Figure 4**) [14]. This condition causes the host plant to obtain P elements from AMF transfer, more nutrient uptake by hyphae elongation and plant root structure, thus the plant experiences more optimal growth. Planting mycorrhizal inoculated plant seedlings is to increase nutrition in plants, especially P in cropping area [8], reduce nutrient

More stable nutrients available in mycorrhizae inoculated plant area resulted in increased soil productivity. Many nutrients are bound by the AMF structural system because there is a glomalin system. Glomalin as a glycoprotein forms chelates with inorganic P. Besides, the hyphae structure is more abundant which can directly absorb more nutrients, especially P [6]. Thus the AMF mycorrhizal inoculation treatment is a mitigation measure against climate change so that plants will continue

AMF inoculation on seedlings is increased the root and shoot growth as well as increased the colonization. The nursery location is adapted for AMF growth and symbiosis. Plants infected with mycorrhizae had better growth (roots and shoots) ability after transplanting the seedlings. Besides that, it can reduce nutrient loss and

This work was supported by a grant from the Institute of research and community service, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (LPPM) Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia (UGM/396/LIT/2014). Authors thank for Prof. Dr. Prapto Yudono, Prof. Dr. Irham. Assesment Institute for Agricultural Technology of North Maluku (DIPA 2018)-Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development-Ministry of Agriculture. Authors thank for Dr. Andriko Noto Susanto, Dr. Bram Brahmantiyo and Dr. Abdul Wahab for the

I declare that I have no conflict of interest as an author on the financial and

loss due to leaching [6] so as to support sustainable agriculture [3, 8].

maintain soil fertility so that it is an effort to mitigate climate change.

*DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94768*

surface area in early coconut growth [10].

to grow and survive.

**Acknowledgements**

research facility.

**Conflict of interest**

intellectual processes of the entire manuscript.

**4. Conclusion**

#### *The Role of Mycorrhizae on Seedlings and Early Growth of Sugarcane DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94768*

were then transplanted had increased leaf nitrate reductase activity (NRA) and root surface area in early coconut growth [10].

The increase in colonization with the formation of arbuscules and vesicles in early plant growth indicated that the symbiosis was optimal (**Figure 4**) [14]. This condition causes the host plant to obtain P elements from AMF transfer, more nutrient uptake by hyphae elongation and plant root structure, thus the plant experiences more optimal growth. Planting mycorrhizal inoculated plant seedlings is to increase nutrition in plants, especially P in cropping area [8], reduce nutrient loss due to leaching [6] so as to support sustainable agriculture [3, 8].

More stable nutrients available in mycorrhizae inoculated plant area resulted in increased soil productivity. Many nutrients are bound by the AMF structural system because there is a glomalin system. Glomalin as a glycoprotein forms chelates with inorganic P. Besides, the hyphae structure is more abundant which can directly absorb more nutrients, especially P [6]. Thus the AMF mycorrhizal inoculation treatment is a mitigation measure against climate change so that plants will continue to grow and survive.
