Meet the editor

Heimo Mikkola, Ph.D., has more than 35 years of experience in sustainable development through working with growing responsibilities in international organizations, in particular the African Development Bank, European Union, United Nations System and the World Bank. Dr. Mikkola received his Ph.D. from the University of Kuopio, Finland. He has visited and worked in 133 countries (46 of those in Africa). In South America, he worked

with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in Colombia and Uruguay visiting also Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Cuba, Curaçao, Guadeloupe, Panama and Venezuela. Since 1988 Dr. Mikkola has been an adjunct professor at Eastern Finland University. Between 2010 and 2018, he served as a visiting professor at three different universities in Almaty, Kazakhstan and one in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. He has published more than 660 zoological papers and texts and has edited seven books.

Contents

**Section 1**

*by Heimo Juhani Mikkola*

with Their Origin

Host-Relations

*and Marcelo B. Labruna*

Behaviours and Ecosystem *by Claude François Béguin*

*by Paola González Carvajal*

**Section 2**

**Preface III**

Animal and Plant Diversity **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 15**

**Chapter 3 33**

**Chapter 4 67**

**Chapter 5 89**

Human Culture and History **109**

**Chapter 6 111**

Diversity of the Owl Species in the Amazon Region

*by Gabriela N. Tenea, Pablo Jarrin-V and Lucia Yepez*

Ecology of the Seed Bank in the Amazon Rainforest

The Nymph Architect of the Cicada *Guyalna chlorogena*:

Shipibo Conibo and Chilean Diaguita Visual Art: Cognitive Technologies, Shamanism and Long-Distance Cultural Linkages

Microbiota of Wild Fruits from the Amazon Region of Ecuador: Linking Diversity and Functional Potential of Lactic Acid Bacteria

Ticks from the Brazilian Amazon: Species, Distribution and

*by Hermes R. Luz, Thiago F. Martins, Sebastián Muñoz-Leal, Francisco B. Costa, Sérgio L. Gianizella, João Luiz H. Faccini* 

*by Natali Gomes Bordon, Niwton Leal Filho and Tony Vizcarra Bentos*
