We are IntechOpen, the world's leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists

5,300+

Open access books available

131,000+

International authors and editors

155M+

Downloads

156 Countries delivered to Our authors are among the

Top 1% most cited scientists

12.2%

Contributors from top 500 universities

Selection of our books indexed in the Book Citation Index in Web of Science™ Core Collection (BKCI)

### Interested in publishing with us? Contact book.department@intechopen.com

Numbers displayed above are based on latest data collected. For more information visit www.intechopen.com

## Meet the editor

Dr. Shibo Ying is a research professor at Hangzhou Medical College (China). He graduated and obtained his Ph.D. in Applied Life Sciences from Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (Japan) in 2011. He was awarded a Japanese government scholarship, and he visited the University of California at Davis (UCD) as an exchange student in 2010. After his graduation, he became a research fellow at the German Cancer Research Center

(DKFZ) in Heidelberg (Germany). In 2014, he returned to China and studied at the Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences. At present, Dr. Ying acts as a biomedical researcher. He has authored or coauthored over 30 scientific publications. His research interests include molecular mechanisms of post-translational modification and the exploration of their clinical relevance in human diseases.

Contents

*and Maria Bermudez-Munoz*

*by Aysegul Yildiz and Yesim Kaya*

Mechanism of Lung Cancer

Cancers

*by Haoli Ying, Ruolang Pan and Ye Chen*

*by Yu Zhang, Wei Shen, Jin Zou and Shibo Ying*

*by Jin Zou, Wei Shen, Yu Zhang and Shibo Ying*

**Preface XI**

**Chapter 1 1**

**Chapter 2 23**

**Chapter 3 41**

**Chapter 4 59**

**Chapter 5 67**

**Chapter 6 75**

Regulation of MAPK ERK1/2 Signaling by Phosphorylation: Implications in Physiological and Pathological Contexts *by Dadnover Vargas-Ibarra, Mariana Velez-Vasquez* 

Post-Translational Regulation of the Activity of ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways in Neuroblastoma Cancer

Epigenetic Control of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Fate Decision

*by Zhenxing Wu, Xiaofen Mo, Chengbo Lang and Jinjing Luo*

p300/CBP Methylation is Involved in the Potential Carcinogenic

The Role of Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 1 in Gastrointestinal

The Function of FEN1 is Regulated by Post-Translational Modification

## Contents


Preface

Post-Translational Modification (PTM) is an elaborate process that occurs on a protein after its translation by ribosomes is complete. PTMs of proteins are crucial because they may alter the physical and chemical properties, such as folding, stability, activity, localization, and molecular interaction, and consequently, the functions of the targets. PTMs are mostly catalyzed by special enzymes that recognize specific target sequences in specific proteins. To date, more than 400 different types of PTMs have been currently identified, including phosphorylation, methylation SUMOylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, hydroxylation, ADP-ribosylation, palmitoylation, citrullination, and other novel protein-bound amino acid modifications. PTMs can be mainly grouped into reversible and irreversible categories according to their stability or transience. Most reversible PTMs are usually associated with cellular signal transduction and gene regulation, which are utilized as a switch to control the state of cells, being the resting or proliferating, in normal cells. Some irreversible PTMs are also involved in cell apoptosis, cell cycle, and cell differentiation, which may lead to abnormal pathogenesis or tumorigenesis. There has been an increasing appreciation for the roles of PTMs in a wide

In this context, Chapters 1 and 2 describe the post-translational regulation of cellular pathways, such as MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in cancers. Chapter 3 focuses on PTMs of histones in mesenchymal stromal cell fate decisions. Chapters 4 and 5 describe the new findings in FEN1 and p300/CBP by PTMs, respectively. In Chapter 6, the role of PRMT1 in tumorigenesis and

This book is a useful reference for those who are involved in basic and clinical

**Shibo Ying**

Hangzhou, China

Hangzhou Medical College,

variety of cellular functions and diseases.

research of PTMs and all other related areas.

development is reviewed.
