**1. Introduction**

Coconut palm (*Cocos nucifera* L), belonging to the Arecaceae family, is an economically important monocot plant grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Coconut kernels have approximately 63.1% oil content in a solid endosperm (copra) [1]. A noticeable feature of coconut oil is that 47.48–50.5% of its fatty acid component is lauric acid (C12:0), which is a type of medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) [2]. A closely related species of coconut, the African oil palm, also contains 50% lauric acid in its kernel oil [3]. The lauric acid content of coconut oil makes it useful for a range of edible and nonedible purposes. A number of genes differentially expressed in coconut endosperm have been identified by suppression subtractive hybridization [4]. *Arabidopsis* has more than 600 genes involved acyl-lipid metabolism, and Xiao et al. [5] identified 806 orthologous genes of these *Arabidopsis* genes in coconut palm based on the first version of coconut genome sequences [1, 2]. A better understanding of lipid biosynthesis and tissue-specific transcription could help breeding efforts to improve the content and composition of coconut oil used


**221**

**Coconut gene ID**

CCG025689.1 CCG005175.1,CCG011462.1,CCG019622.1

CCG017191.1,CCG017192.1,CCG017193.1,CCG021345.1

CCG005178.1,CCG012754.1

CCG006479.1,CCG007799.1,CCG011598.1,CCG015192.1,CCG019705.1

CCG005500.1 CCG001744.2,CCG007290.1,CCG007291.1

**Table 1.** *Coconut genes belong to de novo fatty acid biosynthesis.*

FATB HACPS

LACS9

Holo-ACP synthase

Long-chain Acyl-CoA synthetase

**Protein**

DES6 FAB2 DES5

FatA

Acyl-ACP thioesterase A

Acyl-ACP thioesterase B

Stearoyl-ACP desaturase

**Annotation**

**Gene validated in reference**

[7]

*Genes Involved in Lipid Metabolism in Coconut DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90998*

> [8, 9]

#### *Genes Involved in Lipid Metabolism in Coconut DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90998*

*Innovation in the Food Sector Through the Valorization of Food and Agro-Food By-Products*

**220**

**Coconut gene ID**

CCG009120.1 CCG003104.1 CCG004328.1,CCG016344.1,CCG020484.1,CCG022353.1

CCG022878.1 CCG016999.1 CCG004885.1 CCG016556.1 CCG014874.2,CCG016422.1

CCG000475.1,CCG019561.1

CCG001191.1,CCG001193.1,CCG001194.1,CCG024029.1,CCG026381.1

CCG000907.1,CCG015780.2,CCG023608.3

CCG003289.1,CCG025932.1

CCG006105.2,CCG025988.1,CCG014527.1,CCG024266.1

CCG007292.1,CCG001741.1

CCG019022.2,CCG019145.2

CCG001923.1 ,CCG027238.1

CCG000806.1,CCG000980.1,CCG017093.1,CCG026999.1,CCG027016.1

KASI KASII KASIII

KAR HAD ENR1 ACP1 ACP4

Acyl carrier protein

Enoyl-ACP Reductase

Ketoacyl-ACP Synthase I

Ketoacyl-ACP Synthase II

Ketoacyl-ACP Synthase III

Ketoacyl-ACP Reductase

Hydroxyacyl-ACP Dehydratase

[6]

**Protein** PDH-E1α PDH-E1β

LTA1 LTA2 LPD2

CT-α BCCP

BC MCMT

E1-alpha component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

E1-beta component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

Dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase, E2 component of pyruvate

Dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase, E2 component of pyruvate

Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, E3 component of pyruvate

Carboxyltransferase-alpha; subunit of heteromeric ACCase

Biotin carboxyl carrier protein of heteromeric ACCase

Biotin carboxylase of heteromeric ACCase

Malonyl-CoA: ACP malonyltransferase

dehydrogenase complex

dehydrogenase complex

dehydrogenase complex

**Annotation**

**Gene validated in** 

**reference**


#### **Table 1.**

*Coconut genes belong to de novo fatty acid biosynthesis.*


**223**

**Coconut gene ID**

CCG021844.1 CCG005041.1,CCG008659.2,CCG018700.1

CCG009417.1,CCG020854.1,CCG026758.2

CCG000884.2,CCG026958.1

CCG009767.1,CCG016753.1,CCG016754.2

CCG027986.1,CCG027990.1

CCG009861.1 CCG026466.1 CCG023785.2 CCG005386.2,CCG012449.1,CCG015191.4

CCG001187.2,CCG026384.1

CCG000220.1,CCG001400.4,CCG005823.1,CCG026528.2

**Table 2.** *Coconut genes involved in TAG biosynthesis.*

PECT1

**Protein**

ACBP2 ACBP3 ACBP4 ACBP6 LACS4 NMT1

PIS2 PSD1 PSD3

PSS

EK

Ethanolamine kinase

CDP-ethanolamine synthase

Base-exchange-type phosphatidylserine synthase

Long-chain Acyl-CoA synthetase

Phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase

Phosphatidylinositol synthase

Phosphatidylserine decarboxylase

**Annotation** Acyl CoA binding protein

**Gene validated in reference**

*Genes Involved in Lipid Metabolism in Coconut DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90998*


#### **Table 2.**

*Coconut genes involved in TAG biosynthesis.*
