Meet the editor

Dr. Rajeev K. Tyagi earned a Ph.D. in Malaria Immunology/ Parasitology from the Biomedical Parasitology Unit, Institute Pasteur, Paris, France. He developed a long-lasting, stable, and straightforward laboratory animal model (humanized mouse) to study *Plasmodium falciparum.* Dr. Tyagi has worked as a postdoctoral scientist at the University of South Florida; Augusta University, Georgia; and Vanderbilt University Medical Cen-

ter (VUMC), Tennessee. He had developed human blood and liver chimeric mice (reconstituted with human hepatocytes) in immunodeficient, NOD.*PrkdcscidIl2rg-/-* (NSG) and transgenic/immunodeficient mice (TK/NOG) to study asexual blood and exoerythrocytic liver-stage infection of *P. falciparum*. Dr. Tyagi discovered a novel cell population called "pathogen differentiated dendritic cells (PDDCs)," upon incubation with *P. gingivalis* and tracking of DCs in reconstituted immunodeficient (NSG) mice to understand the host-pathogen interactions. Dr. Tyagi deployed his efforts at VUMC to understand the role of humanized mice to study the pathogenesis and immunobiology of colitis. Currently, Dr. Tyagi is leading a group at CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India to develop human liver chimeric mice to study liver-stage infection and transition to asexual blood-stage infection of *P. falciparum* to test antimalarial drugs and vaccine candidates. His lab is funded by DST-SERB, DBT and ICMR, CSIR, New Delhi.

Contents

**Section 1**

as a Basis for Reflection *by Benjamin Jr Fouda Abougou*

*by Sintayehu Tsegaye Tseha*

Opportunities

**Section 2**

Drugs

*by Peter Hodoameda*

Elimination Agenda? *by Moses Okpeku*

Plasmodium Species and Drug Resistance

*by Imrat, Ajeet Kumar Verma and Pooja Rani Mina*

Treatment of Malaria Infection and Drug Resistance

*Reinhard Isaac Nketia, Michael Frimpong Baidoo* 

*and Merlin Lincoln Kwao Mensah*

**Preface XI**

Drug Resistance and Novel Approaches for Malaria Treatment **1**

**Chapter 1 3**

**Chapter 2 15**

**Chapter 3 31**

**Chapter 4 45**

**Chapter 5 55**

Molecular Markers of Drug Resistance and Stable Resistance Phenotype **69**

**Chapter 6 71**

Finding Novel Strategies to Overcome the Impact of Malaria Vector Resistance in Limited-Resources Settings. The Case of Cameroon

Recent Advances in Antimalarial Drug Discovery: Challenges and

Adaptive Drug Resistance in Malaria Parasite: A Threat to Malaria

*by Bernard Kofi Turkson, Alfred Ofori Agyemang, Desmond Nkrumah,* 

*P. falciparum* and Its Molecular Markers of Resistance to Antimalarial
