**7.2 Route 2: pacific regions**

Chloroquine resistance was reported in the Pacific regions in the year 1959–1961 in West Papua, shortly after mass distribution of CQ [68]. The halting of the mass drug administration saw a reduction in the level of CQ-resistant but reemerged 10 years later [68]. The spread of resistance to other countries in the Pacific region like Papua New Guinea in 1976, the Solomon Islands in 1980, and Vanuatu in 1980 [68]. In the early 1980s, resistance was found in Sumatra and Java in Indonesia [77]. The common haplotype in the Pacific region is the SVMNT haplotype. In West Lombok in Indonesia, the CVIET haplotype is found in 10% of the *P. falciparum* clinical isolates [78]. The CVMNT has been recorded in indigenous *P. falciparum* lineage in the Philippines [79].
