**8. Proposed drug candidate**

There is an urgent need to develop new chemotherapeutic agents which display schizontocidal activity, thereby overcoming the making of merozoites from erythrocytes. The rise of drug resistance can be overcome by aiming the parasite transmission at the blood stage. Additionally, powerful drug candidates are vital to be explored. These should prove to be potent enough at a single dose to


**Table 2.**

*List of current malaria drugs in the market.*

*A Double Line of Defense: Heat Shock Proteins and Polyamines Act as Contributing Factors… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98852*

#### **Figure 5.**

*Proposed drug candidate for* plasmodium falciparum*. A multidrug target candidate that will inhibit polyamine biosynthesis and heat shock proteins could lead to dysfunctionality of the* plasmodium falciparum *parasite cellular system, which could lead to cell death.*

block the parasite transmission at the erythrocytic stage. Both safety and efficacy aspects of novel drug candidates also need distinct consideration to be a matter of great concern for antimalarial drug discovery. The medicinal chemist along with the pharmacologist necessities to work hard for the antimalarial drug development to achieve the desired safety, efficacy, and potency in a single dose molecule [30, 48, 49]. General, to decrease the present malaria load competently, more support is necessary in the long run. If the *P. falciparum* parasite uses polyamines and heat shock proteins as its shield under stressful conditions, these molecules could serve as an ideal drug target for malarial drug development [27]. The study to understand the mechanism behind this interplay is currently investigated in our laboratory and how this contributes to drug resistance. Below, we propose a drug candidate that will inhibit the biosynthesis of polyamines which could lead to reduced production of heat shock proteins if indeed polyamines influence the production of the former (**Figure 5**). Their essential role for pathogenic microorganisms growing in a host is of particular interest for drug discovery.

#### **9. Conclusion and future perspectives**

There has been regular work over the years for the radical treatment of malaria. Improvement of drug confrontation, existence the most problematic obstacle for the achievement of antimalarial therapy, most of the research is oriented towards overcoming the emergence and spread of resistance to existing drugs by one or the other means. Notwithstanding the pressing need, fewer energies have been absorbed in developing new drugs with new mechanism(s) of action. Now for the last periods, pharmaceutical consideration has on receiving more understandings into numerous metabolic or biochemical pathways of the parasite with the expectation to classify and exploit novel drug targets. The study is also underway to establish the mechanism of action of polyamines being influential in the synthesis of heat shock proteins and the role of polyamines being regarded or acting as chaperones in *P. falciparum* parasite during red blood cells merozoite invasion. This will lead to the development of new chemical compounds or specific inhibitors to act on these new targets.
