**2. Literature survey**

Albert Borgstein [1] conducted a research on Sustainability and concluded that sustainability is defined as a strategy for conducting operations in a manner associated with governance standards, which meet existing needs without compromising the needs of future generations.

Endersbee [2] conducted a study on Global Challenges and New Challenges for Civil Engineers and concluded that life cycle costing and life cycle management of resource splay an important role in development of a sustainable construction and that emergence of zero energy buildings and sustainable structures will reduce dependence on fossil fuels which is the primary source of global warming.

Hermawan et al. [3] conducted a study on Identification of Source Factors of Carbondioxide emissions in concreting of Reinforced concrete and the research findings show that there are seven factors namely scope, time, cost, quality, resources, procurement and material transfer which contributed to carbondioxide emissions in a construction project which will enhance the energy performance of buildings and thermal comfort as compared with light weight materials.

Nielsen [4] on Carbon foot print of Concrete Buildings seen in Life Cycle Perspective has researched that even though concrete has high carbondioxide emission during production, it is of paramount importance to include the service life of buildings in this type of calculations as at the end of service period, concrete will carbonate and will absorb carbondioxide from atmosphere.

Kim [5] researched on principles of sustainable design and findings indicate that per capita consumption of resource is linked with per capita income and has proposed three principles of sustainability namely: 1) Reduction, reuse, and recycling of the natural resources that are input to a building, 2) Life Cycle Design for analyzing the building process and its impact on the environment and 3) focus on humane Design for interactions between humans and the natural world.

Kilbert [6] has examined the future of sustainable construction and concluded that ecological design, the key concept in creating high performance buildings is in its infancy and needs to be articulated to be truly called as green building, the concept of green building needs to be further defined and methods for their evaluation needs to be developed and better conservation of resources and adjustments of social expectations will be an important factor in development of more sustainable built environment.

Planning Commission, Govt of India [7] in their study on Sustainable development has stated that in our society, every material is either derived from a mineral product or made using intermediate goods and may not be possible for the society without drawing mineral resource from our environment. Hence, the negative impact on the environment is to be limited and to reverse the damage done to the maximum extent possible through appropriate technological/management practices and procedures. The study concluded highlighting Sustainable development as an important concern for mankind.

Mehta [8] in his key findings on study on reducing the Environmental Impact of Concrete is that in a finite world the model of unlimited growth, unrestricted use of natural resources, and uncontrolled pollution of the environment is ultimately a recipe for planetary self-destruction and that greatest challenge that the concrete industry faces during the 21st century is to achieve a sustainable pattern of growth.

*Risk Mitigation: Sustainable Management in Construction Industry DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100215*

The task is formidable but it can be accomplished provided we make a paradigm shift from the culture of accelerating construction speeds to a culture of conservation of energy and material.

Penttala [9] in study on concrete and sustainable development has stated that the global warming caused by the green house effect are visible and hence new evaluation of building materials according to their ability to fulfill the requirements of sustainable development may have to be done. Taking into consideration the production and operational phases, the energy consumption and green house gas emissions of concrete in residential buildings needs to be examined. The concrete buildings brings ab significant energy and emission savings compared to buildings in which light materials have been used. Which enhances improves the ecological balance of concrete and lifts it to the group of building materials which burden environment least.

Ambuja Technical Literature Series [10] in its study has stated that building industry consumes 40% of the extracted materials and is responsible for 33% of carbondioxide emissions. Use of green and smart buildings can reduce the impact of energy consumption and that a thorough life cycle analysis of and management of building materials is necessary for selection of materials for high performance green buildings. Use of fly ash, silica fume and slag can contribute of sustainable construction.
